LEVEL OF INTERVENTION Muji Sulistyowati Pengertian Kelompok sasaran

LEVEL OF INTERVENTION Muji Sulistyowati

Pengertian • Kelompok sasaran pada intervensi program promosi kesehatan dan pendidikan kesehatan • Simons-Morton, et al : – Terdapat 5 kelompok sasaran (Societal level) – Dengan 4 tempat kegiatan (Practice settings)

Targets of Intervention Objectives Mediators Intervention Approaches INDIVIDUAL -students -workers -patients -residents Health behaviors Knowledge Attitudes Skills Practices EDUCATIONAL -Teaching -Reinforcement -counseling INTERPERSONAL -friends -family -providers -important others Practices Support Reinforcement Knowledge Attitudes Skills Practices TRAINING SOCIETAL -citizens -activists -leaders Programs Practices Policies Resources Knowledge Attitudes Skills Practices SOCIAL CHANGE -Social marketing -Resource develpm -social action Community organiz

Lanjutan…. . Targets of Intervention Objectives Mediators Intervention Approaches ORGANIZATIONAL -decision makers -planners -implementers Programs Practices Policies Resources Knowledge Attitudes Skills Practices ORGANIZATIONAL CHANGE -consulting -networking -organizational dev GOVERNMENTAL -decision makers -planners -implementers Programs Practices Policies Resources Knowledge Attitudes Skills Practices POLITICAL ACTION -Lobbying -policy advocacy -interest group pressure

Individual Level Intervention • The modification of health behavior and related factors through motivational procedures, skills training, communication strategies and education techniques on one-to -one basis (Elder et al, 1994) • Teori : HBM, TRA/ TPB

Group Level Intervention • … are those which emphasize the interpersonal process (include interactions with friends, relatives & others) as a part of the health promotion effort (Elder et al, 1994) • Lebih efisien dan efektif • Tiap individu dalam kelompok dapat belajar dari anggota yang lain • Ada “social network” untuk meningkatkan “difusi” • Teori : Social Learning theory, social network, social support

Organizational Level • Emphasize individual (and group) behavior in the context of membership or participation in an organization • Perubahan dalam organizational level bisa dilakukan secara terpisah atau bersama-sama seiring dengan perubahan perilaku individu atau kelompok sebagai anggota

Community Level • Involve changes in the community’s social and/or physical environment in such ways as to promote individual, group and/or organizational health • Teori : – Community building & community oganizations – Theories of organizational change

referensi • Simons-Morton, Bruce G. , et al, Introduction to Health Education & Health Promotion, 1995, Waveland Press, p. 151 -185 • Elder, et al, Motivating Health Behavior, 1994, p. 198 -249 • Glanz, et al, Health Behavior & Health Education, Theory, Research & Practice, 1997

Practice Settings Level Individual Interpersonal/ Societal Organizational Governmental School Worksite Health Care Institution Commu nity