Level E Unit 1 Vocabulary ADULTERATE Connotation negative

Level E Unit 1 Vocabulary

ADULTERATE Connotation: negative Etymology: 1580– 90; < Latin adulterātus mixed, equivalent to ad- + -ulter (perhaps combining form of alter other) Word Structure: Verb suffix –ate means “to become, produce, or treat”

AMBIDEXTROUS Connotation: positive / negative Etymology: 1640 s, from L. ambidexter, lit. "right-handed on both sides, " from ambi"both" + dexter "right-handed" (dexterity). Word Structure: prefix bi- means “two; ” suffix –ous means “marked by”

AUGMENT Connotation: positive Etymology: c. 1400, from O. Fr. augmenter (14 c. ), from L. L. augmentare "to increase; " from L. augmentum "an increase; " from augere "to increase, make big, enlarge, enrich" Word Structure: noun suffix –ment means “act or process of”

BEREFT Connotation: negative Etymology: O. E. bereafian "to deprive of, take away, seize, rob, " from be + reafian "rob, plunder, " Since mid-17 c. , mostly in reference to life, hope, loved ones, and other immaterial possessions. Past tense forms bereaved and bereft have co-existed since 14 c. , now slightly differentiated in meaning, the former applied to loss of loved ones, the latter to circumstances.

DEPLOY Connotation: neutral Etymology: 1786 as a military word, from Fr. déployer "unroll, unfold, " from O. Fr. desployer "unfold" Word Structure: prefix de- means “lower”

DOUR Connotation: negative Etymology: probably from Latin dūrus hard Ebenezer Scrooge

FORTITUDE Connotation: positive Etymology: early 15 c. , from L. fortitudo "strength, " from fortis "strong, brave" (fort). Word Structure: noun suffix -tude means “state of”

GAPE Connotation: neutral Etymology: 1175– 1225; Middle English < Old Norse gapa to open the mouth wide; compare German gaffen

GIBE Connotation: negative Etymology: 1560– 70; perhaps < Middle French giber to handle roughly, shake, derivative of gibe staff, billhook

GUISE Connotation: neutral / negative Etymology: from Old French guise, of Germanic origin “manner, wise”

INSIDIOUS Connotation: negative Etymology: 1545, from L. insidiosus "deceitful, " from insidiæ (pl. ) "plot, snare, ambush, " from insidere "sit on, occupy, " Word Structure: prefix in- means “into; ” adjective suffix –ous means “full of, given to”

INTIMATION Connotation: neutral Etymology: "action of making known, " mid 15 c. , from L. L. intimationem (nom. intimatio) "an announcement" (in M. L. "a judicial notification"), from intimare (intimate). Word Structure: prefix in- means “into”; noun suffix –ation means “act or result of”

OPULENT Connotation: positive Etymology: 1595– 1605; < Latin opulentus wealthy, equivalent to op- (stem of ops power, wealth) + -ulentus

PLIABLE Connotation: neutral Etymology: late 15 c. , from O. Fr. pliable "flexible, " from plier "to bend" (ply) Word Structure: adjective suffix –able means “able, capable of”

REITERATE Connotation: neutral Etymology: 1526, from L. reiteratus, pp. of reiterare "to repeat, " from re- "again" + iterare "to repeat, " from iterum "again. " Word Structure: prefix re- means “again, back”

STOLID Connotation: neutral Etymology: from M. Fr. stolide (16 c. ), from L. stolidus "insensible, dull, brutish, " prop. "unmovable, " related to stultus "foolish"

TENTATIVE Connotation: neutral Etymology: 1580 s, from M. L. tentativus "trying, testing, " from L. tentatus, pp. of tentare "to feel, try, " (variant of temptare "to feel, try, test"). Word Structure: Latin root -ten- means “hold, keep; ” adjective suffix –ive means “marked by”

UNKEMPT Connotation: negative Etymology: Old English uncembed; from un- + cembed, past participle of cemban “to comb” Word Structure: prefix un- means “not, opposing”

VERBATIM Connotation: neutral Etymology: 1481, from M. L. verbatim "word for word, " from L. verbum "word"

WARILY Connotation: neutral Etymology: 1552, from O. E. wær "prudent, aware, alert, wary" Word Structure: adverb suffix –ly means “having the nature of”