Lets talk about race https www youtube comwatch

Let’s talk about race • https: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=6 fv 7 Cq. Cji. J w

Chapter 12 Race and ethnicity

Opening story • More than 7 billion people live on the planet. Skin colors come in all shades between black and white, heightened by reddish and yellowish hues. • Eyes come in shades of blue, brown and green. • Lips are thick and thin. • Hair is straight, curly, kinky, black, blond, red, brown

Key Terms • Race – a group of people with inherited physical characteristics that distinguish it from another group. • The mapping of the human genome system shows that any two individuals in the world have 99. 6% of their genetic material in common!

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How many races are there? • No scientists, anthropologists or biologists agree. Some say there are only two races, some say forty, while yet others say there at least two-thousand. • A simple plane ride can change your race! (Pg. 337)

Myth of racial superiority • • Adolf Hitler – Aryan race Rwanda Bosnia Genocide – the attempt to destroy a group of people because of their presumed race or ethnicity. • Ethnicity – The cultural characteristics that distinguish one group of people from another

More Terms • Minority Group consists of people who are singled out for unequal treatment and regard themselves as objects of discrimination. • Dominant Group – the group with the most power, greatest privileges, and highest social status. • South Africa under apartheid – Afrikaners (Europeans of Dutch decent) were a numerical minority but the dominant group.

How does a group become a minority group? • The expansion of political boundaries • Migration (both voluntary and forced)

Ethnic Work • Activities to discover, enhance or maintain ethnic and racial identification. • German Chocolate Cake

Prejudice is an ATTITUDE Discrimination is an ACTION • Racism - prejudice and discrimination on the basis of race. • Discrimination – unfair treatment directed against an individual or group • Prejudice – an attitude or prejudging, usually in a negative way • NO ONE IS BORN A RACIST

The extent of prejudice • Wallonians • Piereneans • Danireans • Sociologists stress that the key to understanding prejudice is found outside people. Sociology focuses on which environments foster prejudice, and which discourage it.

• Individual discrimination - negative treatment of one person by another on the basis of that person’s perceived characteristics. • Institutional discrimination - discriminatory practices that are embedded in our social institutions. • Examples

Figure 12. 2 Buying a House: Institutional Discrimination and Predatory Lending Bar graph depicting racial-ethnic differences in the percentages of those experiencing loan discrimination. Source: By the author. Based on Kochbar and Gonzalez-Barrera 2009. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Theories • Functional Perspective - Social inequality was functional for some groups (slavery benefited southern whites). Creates in-group solidarity. • Conflict Perspective - Reserve labor force, split labor force • Symbolic Interactionist - meanings and definitions contribute to subordinate status of racial and ethnic groups. The self-fulfilling prophecy. Selective perception.

Figure 12. 3 Global Patterns of Intergroup Relations: A Continuum A continuum depicting the various ways groups relate to one another, from complete rejection to complete acceptance. Source: By the author. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Patterns of Intergroup Relations: • Genocide - The dominant group tries to destroy the minority group (Rwanda). • Population Transfer - The dominant group expels the minority (reservations for Native Americans) • Internal Colonialism - The dominant group exploits the minority (low-paid, menial work)

Patterns of Intergroup Relations • Segregation - The dominant group structures the social institutions to maintain minimal contact with the minority (the U. S. South before the 1960 s) Jim Crow laws supported segregation barring blacks from schools, transportation, housing, retail, hospitals, etc. Supported by Plessey v. Ferguson “separate but equal” • 1954 Brown v. Board of Education; separate but equal was inherently unequal! • Assimilation - The dominant group absorbs the minority. “Act White”.

Patterns of Intergroup Relations • Multiculturalism (Pluralism) - The dominant group encourage racial and ethnic variation; when fully successful, there is no longer a dominant group (Switzerland is made up of four ethnic groups: French, Italians, Germans, and Romansh. )

Figure 12. 4 Race–Ethnicity of the U. S. Population Pie chart showing the proportions of various racial-ethnic groups in the United States. Source: By the author. See Figure 12. 5. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Figure 12. 5 U. S. Racial–Ethnic Groups Source: By the author. Based on Statistical Abstract of the United States 2016: Tables 10, 52. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Figure 12. 6 The Distribution of Dominant and Minority Groups U. S. map showing state-by-state percentage of minority groups. Source: By the author. Based on Statistical Abstract of the United States 2016: Table 19. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

European Americans • First ethnic group to immigrate to the U. S. Known as WASPs. • Extremely ethnocentric • Forced assimilation

Latinos • The largest ethnic minority group in the U. S. at 17% of the population (27% of California’s population) • The terms Latino or Hispanic do not refer to a race. • Variety of countries of origin fall under the “Latino” umbrella” • 68% from Mexico, 18% from various Central and South American countries, 10% from Puerto Rico, 4% from Cuba • Unauthorized immigrants

Figure 12. 7 Geographical Origins of U. S. Latinos Pie chart indicating what percentage of Latino/a Americans originate from which locations. Source: By the author. Based on the U. S. Census 2010. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Figure 12. 8 Where U. S. Latinos Live Pie chart indicating what percentage of Latino/a Americans live in various U. S. states. Source: By the author. Based on Statistical Abstract of the United States 2017: Table 19. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Latinos (Hispanics) (4 of 6) Table 12. 2 Indicators of Relative Economic Well-Being Family Income Median Family Income Compared to Whites Families In Poverty Percentage Below Poverty Compared to Whites $74, 700 12. 7% Asian Americans $84, 900 14% higher 12. 0% 6% lower Latinos $44, 900 40% lower 23. 6% 86% higher African Americans $42, 800 43% lower 26. 2% 106% higher Native Americans $43, 400 42% lower 29. 1% 129% higher NOTE: These totals are for families, which have less poverty than “persons, ” the unit of the tables in Chapter 10. Source: By the author. Based on Krogstad 2014; Statistical Abstract of the United States 2017: Tables 35, 736. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Unauthorized Immigrants • Most Latinos are U. S. citizens. • Approximately 9 million have entered the country illegally (7 million from Mexico, 2 million from Central and South America) • 1994 President Bill Clinton began building a wall along the 2, 000 mile border with Mexico. The cost was extensive – building was halted. • Under President Donald Trump, the building of the wall has resumed. • Arizona passed a law that gives police the power to detain anyone suspected of being in the country illegally. Immigration status can be checked on anyone police detain. – Several major cities, including San Francisco, have become “sanctuary cities”. They will not cooperate in apprehending people illegally present in the United States. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Spanish Language • Distinguishes Latinos from other U. S. minority groups. • Until 1968, California banned teaching in Spanish in its schools. In 1974 bilingual instruction began. In 1998, California voters decided that schools should return to an English immersion, no Spanish policy. In 2016, California voters switched back to the bilingual Spanish and English policy.

African Americans • Make up the 2 nd largest ethnic minority group at 13% of the U. S. population. • Civil Rights movement: Rosa Parks, Rev. Martin Luther King, Jr. Jim Crow laws, Plessy v. Ferguson. 1964 Civil Rights Act. • Despite recent gains, African American families average only 57% of white incomes. • Racism as an everyday burden – page 363

Prejudice and Discrimination (3 of 3) Table 12. 1 Health and Race–Ethnicity Infant Maternal Life Expectancy Deaths 1 Deaths Male Female Whites 4. 9 11. 1 76. 7 81. 4 African Americans 11. 0 36. 5 72. 5 78. 4 1 The death rates given here are the number per 1, 000. Infant deaths refer to the number of infants younger than 1 year who die in a year per 1, 000 live births. The source does not provide data for other racial–ethnic groups. Source: By the author. Based on Statistical Abstract of the United States 2017: Tables 113, 122. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Asian-Americans • On average have surpassed white families in education and family income. • Relocation Camps – 1941 Pearl Harbor attack • Of all ethnic groups, including whites, Asian American children are the most likely to grow up in a 2 parent household and the least likely to be born to a single mother.

Figure 12. 9 Countries of Origin of Asian Americans Pie chart indicating what percentage of Asian Americans originate from various Asian countries. Source: By the author. Based on U. S. Census Bureau 2010. Copyright © 2019, 2017, 2014 Pearson Education, Inc. All Rights Reserved

Asian Americans • 1850 Foreign Miners Act • 1882 Chinese Exclusion Act • Strong exogamy in marriage (marrying outside their ethnic group)

Native Americans • A diverse group of people - over 700 languages • Victims of genocide • 10 million prior to colonization. That number was reduced to about one-twentieth its original size. Now number about 4 million. • Represent 1% of the U. S. population • Worse off of all minority groups

Native Americans • • • Broken treaties Development of reservations Wounded Knee – 1890 Considered the Invisible Minority Casino system

Looking ahead • It is assumed, within 50 years, the “average” American will trace his or her ancestry to Africa, Asia, South America, the Pacific Islands and the Middle East. Almost anywhere but White Europe. • In California there are 24 million minorities and 15 million whites.

Affirmative Action • Initiated by President Kennedy in 1961. Goal was to level the playing field of economic opportunity through college admissions, and hiring policies. • Prop 209 in 1996 - California

Less Racism • Are we heading to a true multicultural society? A society in which racial-ethnic groups not only coexist but respect one another, and thrive.