Lets get started 1 Put away your phone
- Slides: 44
Let’s get started: 1. Put away your phone and earbuds 2. Turn in Cell Cycle coloring to my desk 3. Warm-up: You will have 5 minutes to put AT LEAST 1 item in in each section of your Venn diagram
The Cell Cycle & Mitosis
2 Reasons why cells divide 1) Growth 2) Replace worn out or damaged cells http: //www. adc. state. az. us/images/Off-Library. JPG
Cell Division in Eukaryotes n n Called Mitosis Cell Grows & copies its DNA before it can divide
The series of events that cells go through as they grow & divide ~ The Cell Cycle
The Cell Cycle: n. G 1 n. S Interphase n. G 2 n. Prophase n. Metaphase n. Anaphase n. Telophase n. Cytokinesis M phase = Mitosis + Cytokinesis
G 2 M G 1 S
Interphase: a growth period n G 1 (Growth/Gap 1) – ØCell grows in size, Ømakes new organelles Øperforms assigned function ØDNA is relaxed in chromatin and is not visible
Interphase: a growth period n. S phase (Synthesis) – Øduplicates DNA to prepare for mitosis n G 2 (Growth/Gap 2) – Øcell prepares for mitosis
Talk to a partner: Explain the phases of Interphase
How does the cell know when it is ready to proceed to the next phase?
Checkpoint control system n Major checkpoints: n G 1 checkpoint n Cell checks to see if DNA synthesis can begin n G 2 checkpoint n Cell checks if DNA been copied correctly?
Chromosomes condense and become visible at the start of mitosis
n Chromatin DNA is relaxed; DNA appears as chromatin during interphase n Chromosome visible DNA during mitosis
During mitosis, cell divides producing 2 identical daughter cells
Mitosis occurs in 4 phases 1. 2. 3. 4. Prophase Metaphase Anaphase Telophase
Vocab Terms n Sister chromatids identical halves of the duplicated parent chromosome n Centromere cell structure that joins the two sister chromatids of a chromosome
Prophase 1. DNA organizes n n 2. 3. Chromosomes are paired with their identical copies (sister chromatids held together by the centromere) chromatin condense into visible chromosomes. Nuclear membrane & nucleolus disappear. Spindle fibers form between the centrioles, located at opposite ends of the cell
Metaphase n Chromosomes line up in the middle of the cell. n Each chromatid is attached to a separate spindle fiber by its centromere.
Anaphase n Sister chromatids are pulled apart to opposite poles of the cell.
Telophase n n n 2 identical daughter cells are formed. Cytokinesis occurs (the division of the cytoplasm) as the plasma membrane pinches in along the equator. Nucleolus and nuclear membrane reappear, chromosomes begin to uncoil & relax back into chromatin
In plants… n Because plant cells have a cell wall, the plasma membrane does not pinch in. n Rather a structure known as the cell plate forms across the cell’s equator.
Plant in cytokinesis It’s hard to see, but there is a cell plate forming in the middle of the cell, next to the arrow.
Finally… n After mitosis is complete, each new daughter cell is an identical copy of the parent cell. Both cells enter interphase to carry out their assigned function until they are ready to divide.
All together now…
Talk to a partner: Explain the phases of Mitosis
Cell Cycle practice
Cell Cycle Regulation
What happens when the cell is not growing or dividing? Cell is resting
Cell enters G 0 phase, where cell is resting and carrying out its normal function
When cells are damaged and need repair or need to be replaced, cell will reenter the cell cycle
Controlling Cell Growth Through Gene Regulation n Cell division stops when cells touch n Can resume if space is available (injury)
Talk to a Partner: Do Cells Grow Indefinitely? Section 10 -3 If center cells are removed, cells near the space will start to grow again. Cells grow until they touch other cells SHOWS: Cell division genes can be turned on and off
What happens when the genes that control cell division become damaged? § Some cells do not respond to the signals that regulate the growth § Result ~ uncontrolled cell growth: cancer § Causes of cancer: Ø cigarette & tobacco use Ø radiation exposure (X-ray & UV light) Ø genetics Ø some viruses
Cancer Video
Stem Cells n n Stem cells - unspecialized cells Through cell differentiation – stem cells become specialized in structure and function n Two Types: Embryonic and Adult Stem Cells
Cornell Summary
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