Let the word of Christ richly dwell within

Let the word of Christ richly dwell within you, with all wisdom teaching and admonishing one another with psalms, hymns, and spiritual songs singing with thankfulness in your hearts to God. Col 3: 16 NASB And whatever you do in word or deed, do all in the name of the Lord Jesus, giving thanks through him to God the Father. Col 3: 17 NASB 2

Romans 12: 1, 2 NRSV I appeal to you, therefore, brothers and sisters, by the mercies of God, to present your bodies as a living sacrifice, holy and acceptable to God, which is your spiritual act of worship. Do not be conformed to this world, but be transformed by the renewing of your minds, so that you may be able to discern what is the will of God − what is good and acceptable and perfect. 3

Martin Luther John Calvin The Geneva Psalter © 2011 Barry Liesch Biola University La Mirada CA 4

The Protestant Reformation Luther posts 95 theses (1517) Rails against indulgences Insists on reform Splits with Rome 5

The Protestant Reformation Luther posts 95 theses (1517) Rails against indulgences Insists on reform Splits with Rome Calls pope “Antichrist” 6

The Protestant Reformation Luther posts 95 theses (1517) Rails against indulgences Insists on reform Splits with Rome Calls pope “Antichrist” Compares Catholic church to “Babylon” 7

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Luther on music 9

Luther on music A person who does not regard music as a marvelous creation of God 10

Luther on music A person who does not regard music as a marvelous creation of God must be a clodhopper and does not deserve to be called a human being. 11

Luther on music A person who does not regard music as a marvelous creation of God must be a clodhopper and does not deserve to be called a human being. He should be permitted to hear nothing but the braying of asses and the grunting of hogs. 12

Luther champions music Music is a fair and lovely gift of God which has often awakened and moved me to the joy of preaching. Music drives away the Devil and makes people cheerful… Experience proves that next to the Word of God only music deserves to be extolled as the mistress and governess of the feelings of the human heart. 13

Luther champions music I have no use for cranks who despise music, because it is a gift of God. 14

Luther champions music I have no use for cranks who despise music, because it is a gift of God. If any will not sing, it shows that they do not believe. 15

Luther champions music I have no use for cranks who despise music, because it is a gift of God. If any will not sing, it shows that they do not believe. Next after theology I give to music the highest place and the greatest honor. Luther supported all the fine arts (not just music) He read music, sang tenor, played lute skillfully Encouraged organ and choir music 16

How Luther changed music üMade hymn singing central to worship üTaught theology through music Thursday evening hymn sing 40 stanzas! üPersuaded poets to compose hymn lyrics üTremendously successful! “Hymns for Sale!” 17

1524 Luther’s letter to Spalatin Our plan is to follow the example of the prophets and the ancient fathers of the church, and to compose psalms for the people in the vernacular, that is, spiritual songs, so the Word of God may be among the people in the form of music. 18

1524 Luther’s letter to Spalatin Therefore we are searching everywhere for poets. Since you are endowed with a wealth of knowledge and elegance in handling the German language, and since you have polished your German through much use, I ask you to work with us on this project. Luther writes 37 hymns himself including A Mighty Fortress is Our God 19

Martin Luther (1483 -1546) A Mighty Fortress #507 Wrote Words, Music (translated into English) A mighty fortress is our God A bulwark never failing Our helper he, amid the flood Of mortal ills prevailing For still our ancient foe Doth seek to work us woe His craft and power are great And armed with cruel hate On earth is not his equal Now in Catholic Hymnbooks! 20

Martin Luther (1483 -1546) A Mighty Fortress #507 Wrote Words, Music (translated into English) Did we in our own strength confide Our striving would be losing Were not the right man on our side The man of God’s own choosing Dost ask who that may be Christ Jesus it is he Lord Sabaoth his name From age to age the same And he must win the battle Now in Catholic Hymnbooks! 21

Martin Luther (1483 -1546) A Mighty Fortress #507 Wrote Words, Music (translated into English) And though this world with devils filled Should threaten to undo us We will not fear for God has willed His truth to triumph through us The Prince of Darkness grim We tremble not for him His rage we can endure For lo, his doom is sure One little word shall fell him Now in Catholic Hymnbooks! 22

Martin Luther (1483 -1546) A Mighty Fortress #507 Wrote Words, Music (translated into English) That word above all earthy powers No thanks to them abideth The Spirit and the gifts are ours Thro’ him who with us sideth Let goods and kindred go This mortal life also The body they may kill God’s truth abideth still His kingdom is forever Now in Catholic Hymnbooks! 23

Martin Luther (1483 -1546) A Mighty Fortress #507 Discuss What images, feelings does Luther project? How are these lyrics different from today? 24

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Luther versus Calvin Luther, public relation genius Calvin private man Luther, priest, skilled musician Calvin, lawyer, scholar Luther fought his way out of medieval Catholic church Calvin thought his way out Luther embraced the past Calvin denied the past Luther retained Mass, cut only non-scriptural elements Calvin, developed a new service Luther allowed humanly constructed hymns Calvin banned all but scripture 26

Calvin: Restricted Worship Very little freedom Very little spontaneity Only scripture allowed Congregational songs = Scripture only 27

Calvin: Restricted Worship Unison singing only, one note per syllable No harmony/no antiphonal No instruments No organs (melted them down) No choirs, vestments No symbolism, pictures, candles No altars, genuflexions Congregation sings, pulpit at center Removing of “popery” 28

Calvin: Restricted Music Although we may look far and wide and search on every hand, we shall not find better songs…than the Psalms of David…. When we sing them, we may be certain that God puts the words in our mouth as if Himself sang in us to exalt his glory. Instrumental music was tolerated in the time of the law because the people were then in infancy. Instruments are banished…. Paul in I Cor 14: 13 lays down an invariable law…we must praise God only in a known tongue. 29

Calvin: Restricted Music must: Be regulated Power to corrupt! Have weight, majesty Not be light, frivolous 30

Zwingli: Calvin’s Colleague Great expositor of Scripture A musician, composer! but. . . Allowed no music! Luther Zwingli 31

Zwingli: Silenced Music Summer of 1524: Clergy entered the parish churches removed the relics and images whitewashed the paintings and decorations nailed the organs shut--that no music resound in churches again. 32

Summary Luther recovered congregational singing Calvin restricted it Zwingli silenced it (much later, Calvinists embrace hymns) 33

Calvinist (Reformed) Church Problem in trying to sing the Biblical Psalms Impossible to fit into 3/4 or 4/4 meters Each line has a different number of beats/accents Parallelism of ideas rather than beats Solution Create a strict paraphrase of each psalm Each line must have the required number of beats Create metered tunes to go with lines 34

Calvinist (Reformed) Church Generated & Promoted Metrical Psalms Geneva Psalter (1562): 150 Psalms Singing version (lyrics paraphrased, 125 tunes) Plus 10 commandments, Song of Simeon Influential “most gigantic publishing enterprise” 100, 000 copies, 30 editions Swiss British American versions USA President Benjamin Franklyn in 1740 One could not walk through Philadelphia in the evening without hearing psalms sung by families on every street 35

Calvinist (Reformed) Church Doxology (Psalter tune, 1562) #34 Praise God from whom all blessings flows Praise him all creatures here below Praise him above you heavenly host Praise Father, Son, and Holy Ghost Reformed churches sing the 150 Psalms today Psalm tunes used for different lyrics For example… 36

Calvinist (Reformed) Church The Old 100 th #661 (rhythm is different) Words: Kethe Tune: Bourgeois All people that on earth do dwell Sing to the Lord with cheerful voice Him serve with joy [fear], his praise forth tell Come ye before him and rejoice. 37

Calvinist (Reformed) Church Know that the Lord is God indeed Without our aid he did us make We are his flock, he doth us feed, And for his sheep he doth us take. 38

Calvinist (Reformed) Church O enter then his gates with praise Approach with joy his courts unto Praise laud and bless his name always For it is seemly so to do 39

Calvinist (Reformed) Church For why? The Lord our God is good His mercy is forever sure His truth at all times firmly stood And shall from age to age endure 40

Family sings grace before eating lunch or supper? Or church sings grace at church potluck? Be present at our table, Lord Be here and everywhere adored These mercies bless and grant that we May feast in paradise with thee Amen Good at a home or church Compose your own lyric for credit! 41

Contemporary Doxology by Gary Parrett Each perfect gift from heaven’s heights Comes from our Father, God of lights, Who knows full well our ev’ry need And ev’ry prayer of faith will heed. (James 1: 17) When we were held by sin’s fierce chain, Hea-ven’s great loss was our great gain, For grasping not his throne above Christ came to us: redeeming love! (Phillippians 2: 6 -8) 42

Contemporary Doxology by Gary Parrett You know the grace of Christ, our Lord: Though he was rich, he became poor, That we, through his true poverty, Would be made rich eternally. (2 Corinthians 8: 9) To such a wondrous Servant-King, Our worship we will gladly bring: In sacrifice, henceforth to live. As we’ve received, we freely give. (Romans 12: 1; Matthew 10: 8) 43

Contemporary Doxology by Gary Parrett To God the Father, God the Son And God the Spirit, Three-in-One Be all the glory, pow’r and praise From ev’ry heart through endless days. Amen. (Rev. 5: 13) 44

Scottish Psalter (1650) The Lord’s My Shepherd #86 The Lord’s my shepherd I’ll not want He makes me down to lie In pastures green, he leadeth me The quiet waters by My soul he doth restore again And me to walk doth make Within the paths of rightousness E’en for his own name sake 45

Scottish Psalter (1650) The Lord’s My Shepherd #86 Yea, though I walk through death’s dark vale Yet will I fear no ill For thou art with me and thy rod And staff me comfort still My table thou has furnished In presence of my foes My head thou dost with oil annoint And my cup overflows 46

Scottish Psalter (1650) The Lord’s My Shepherd #90 Goodness and mercy all my life Shall surely follow me And in God’s house forever more My dwelling place shall be 47

Immortal Invisible Based on I Tim 1: 17 Now to the King eternal, immortal, Invisible, the only God, Be honor and glory forever and ever. 48

Immortal, invisible, God only wise, In light inaccessible hid from our eyes. Most blessed, most glorious, the Ancient of Days, Almighty, victorious, Thy great name we praise. #48 49

Unresting, unhasting, And silent as light, Nor wanting, nor wasting, Thou rulest in might; Thy justice like mountains, High soaring above Thy clouds, which are fountains, Of goodness of love. 50

To all life thou givest To both great and small; In all life thou livest The true life of all. Thy wisdom so boundless, Thy mercy so free, Eternal thy goodness For naught changeth thee. 51

Great Father of glory, Pure Father of light, Thine angels adore Thee, All veiling their sight; All praise we would render— O help us to see ‘Tis only the splendor Of light hideth Thee. 52

Assignment: Create a Hymn paraphrase Idea: pray the hymn before singing Meditate on the hymn’s meaning Write a paraphrased prayer Craft ideas of lyric into your prayer Advantages for the worship service Helps college students comprehend text Less boring, less didactic because the worship doesn’t stop--keeps flowing Subtle: let people “discover” what’s happening 53

Hymn assignment Immortal, Invisible It’s difficult to comprehend Complex, abstract thoughts…. so Quote difficult words Clarify difficult words, concepts Dwell on thoughts Enlarge on thoughts, slow down pacing 54

Hymn assignment Immortal, Invisible stanza one. . . Explain the difficult words, thoughts Find synonyms, develop explanatory phrases Immortal, invisible, God only wise In light inaccessible hid from our eyes. Most blessed, most glorious, the Ancient of Days, Almighty, victorious— Thy great name we praise 55

Hymn assignment Immortal, Invisible stanza two. . . Explain the difficult words, thoughts Find synonyms, develop explanatory phrases Unresting, unhasting, and silent as light, Nor wanting, nor wasting, Thou rulest in might; Thy justice, like mountains, high soaring above, Thy clouds, which are fountains of goodness and love. 56

Hymn assignment Immortal, Invisible Write your paraphrase Test it—read it, pray it! Post your paraphrase on Black. Board Bring it to class --we’ll use it as one of our prayers 57

Immortal Invisible Student paraphrase Dear Lord, You are immortal, eternal, unending, everlasting. You are the Alpha & Omega, the beginning and the end, the Ancient of Days. In light unreachable and inaccessible, You are set apart from us, and hidden from human eye. Yet we praise you for your invisible hand that guides us through each day. We praise you because of your power over sin, even the sin in our lives. In the end You will triumph and reign. Your great and holy name we will praise forever. 58

Immortal Invisible Student paraphrase Heavenly Father, We praise you for all you are. You neither want nor lack for anything. Unmovable are your precepts. Unhurried is your plan. Unresting is your care for us. We rush--you never rush. You never tire from your labors. You are the creator of time itself. You never grow weary of guiding us, hearing us, and pursuing an intimate relationship with us. Perfect is your justice. Your promises to your beloved creation soar higher than any mountain we could climb. And were we to try, we would simply fall into the grace in which you hold us now. Lord, we praise you for all you are. 59

5 Solas of Protestant Reformation Sola scripture (scripture alone) Sola Gratia (grace alone) Sola Fide (faith alone) Solus Christus (Christ alone) Soli Deo (to God alone be the glory) Sums up their grievances against Rome 60

Toplady 1740 -1778 Rock of Ages #384 World-famous hymn Reformed theology Humanity deeply lost, sinful Dependent on God’s grace Justification by faith apart from works 61

Toplady Rock of Ages #384 #1. Rock of Ages cleft for me Let me hide myself in thee Let the water and the blood From thy wounded side which flowed Be of sin the double cure Save from wrath and make me pure Solus Christus (Christ alone) 62

Toplady Rock of Ages #384 # 2. Not the labors of my hands Can fulfill thy law’s demands Could my zeal no respite know Could my tears forever flow All for sin could not atone Thou must save and thou alone Sola Gratia (grace alone) 63

Toplady Rock of Ages #384 #3. Nothing in my hand I bring Simply to thy cross I cling Naked come to thee for dress Helpless look to thee for grace Foul I too the fountain fly Wash me Savior or I die Sola Gratia (grace alone) 64

Toplady Rock of Ages #384 #4. While I draw this fleeting breath When my eyes shall close in death When I soar to world’s unknown See thee on thy judgment throne Rock of ages cleft for me Let me hide myself in thee Solus Christus (Christ alone) 65

Scripture imagery Rock of Ages #384 Assignment Biblical allusions of “Rock” Meaning of “cleft” Narrative/theological meanings of “water and blood” Paraphrase in your own words (write out) Stanza #2 Stanza #3 How would you introduce this piece? 66

5 Solas of Protestant Reformation Sola scripture (scripture alone) Sola Gratia (grace alone) Sola Fide (faith alone) Solus Christus (Christ alone) Soli Deo (to God alone be the glory) Sums up their grievances against Rome 67

Sunday Morning Extra credit worship assignment Meditate Seat yourself 15 minutes early Look at hymn index for Watts hymns Meditate on the lyrics Meditate on a hymn by Watts, Wesley, or Crosby Do this for 3 Sundays Write up/turn in a one page report Worth 5% extra credit 68