Lessons Review Maps Graphic Organizer Fighting the War

Lessons Review Maps Graphic Organizer

Fighting the War Lessons 6 -8

Comparing Two Armies Continentals British About 10, 000 How many soldiers? 50, 000 No Experience? Yes George Washington Commander? Thomas Gage Limited Supplies and Training Weapons and Training? Well Supplied and Well Trained

British Advantage Patriot Advantages • Professional Soldiers • Best Training • Experienced Officers • Good Militias • Newest Weapons • Irregular Lines of Fighting • Mercenaries – Hessians • Native Americans Allies • Believes in War for Independence • Home Field Advantage Patriot Disadvantages British Disadvantages • Soldiers are Farmers • 3, 000 Miles From Home • Little Training • Getting Supplies to America • Old Weapons • Unfamiliar Land • No Experienced Leaders • No Money • Don’t know who the enemy is – they all look alike

Valley Forge 1777 -1778 movie 24: 15 -33: 20

Poland • Casimir Pulaski • Thaddeus Kosciuszko Germany • Johann de Kalb • Friedrich von Steuben - Von Steuben works wonders with the troops training them to how to march and how to be real soldiers. Teaches troops how to fight the European way and teaches them how to use the a bayonet during a charge. France • Marquis de Lafayette – teaches them fighting techniques Spanish Governor of Louisiana - 1779 • Sent guns, food, money, and later soldiers to Florida to fight the British

Date Battle Location 4/19/1775 The Battles of Lexington and Concord Massachusetts 5/10/1775 The Siege of Fort Ticonderoga, New York 5/27/1775 The Battle of Chelsea Creek Suffolk County, Massachusetts 6/16/1775 The Battle of Bunker (Breeds) Hill Charlestown, Massachusetts 12/31/1775 The Battle of Quebec City, Province of Quebec 8/27/1776 The Battle of Long Island (Brooklyn Heights) Long Island, New York 10/28/1776 The Battle of White Plains, New York 11/16/1776 The Battle of Fort Washington Heights, Manhattan, New York 12/26/1776 The Battle of Trenton, New Jersey 1/3/1777 The Battle of Princeton, New Jersy 8/6/1777 The Battle of Oriskany, New York 8/16/1777 The Battle of Bennington, New York 9/11/1777 The Battle of Brandywine Near Chadds Ford, Pennsylvania

Date Battle Location 9/19/1777 The Battle of Saratoga (Freeman's Farm) Saratoga County, New York 10/4/1777 The Battle of Germantown, Pennsylvania 10/7/1777 The Battle of Saratoga (Bemis Heights) Saratoga County, New York 6/28/1778 The Battle of Monmouth, New Jersey 12/29/1778 The Capture of Savannah, Georgia 3/29/1780 The Siege of Charleston, South Carolina 8/16/1780 The Battle of Camden North of Camden, South Carolina 10/7/1780 The Battle of King's Mountain Near Blackburn, SC and King's Mountain, NC 1/17/1781 The Battle of Cowpens, South Carolina 3/15/1781 The Battle of Guilford Courthouse, North Carolina 9/8/1781 The Battle of Eutaw Springs Near present-day Eutawville, South Carolina 10/9/1781 The Battle of Yorktown, Virginia

Battle of Cowpens Nathaneal Greene, commanding the American forces in the Carolinas, was faced by serious supply problems. He decided to detachment two forces from his main army. One, under Daniel Morgan, around 1000 men was well balanced, with a core of experienced Continental Infantry, Maryland Virginia Militia, and a Continental Cavalry force under Colonel William Washington. To Cornwallis, this force was a threat to the left flank of his planned advance into North Carolina and he sent a force commanded by Tarleton to catch it. The British force of 1, 100 was composed of Tarleton's own British Legion, supported by regular infantry. Tarleton's plan was quite simple. His men were to catch Morgan and immediately attack, expecting the militia to break, leaving the Continentals outnumbered. However, Morgan anticipated this, and deployed his men well. On 17 February 1781 he formed up in three lines at Hannah's Cowpens. First was a skirmishing line of about 150 sharpshooters. Next came the Carolina militia, whose orders were to fire two volleys and then withdraw behind the third line, of Continental Infantry and the Virginia Militia, placed on top of a hill. Once the British were engaged against this third line, the South Carolina militia on one flank and the Continental Cavalry on the other were to outflank them.

Tarleton fell into the trap. The American plan worked as expected. The riflemen and militia inflicted heavy casualties on the British, and then pulled back behind the line. The British were further surprised when the third line of American regulars did not retreat, as they had so often done in the past, but instead held their ground and fired on the advancing British. The British were convinced that the Americans were about the break, and their own formations started to lose their integrity as they moved to chase what they thought was a broken enemy. However, the American movement was not a retreat, and Morgan was able to form them up behind the hill. The British in pursuit crested the hill to find not a retreating rabble, but an intact force that now turned and fired on the British. The units exposed to this fire broke almost instantly. Washington's cavalry and the militia now attacked the rest of the British force. The battle was lost within minutes. Tarleton managed to escape with forty cavalry, but the majority of his men surrendered. At a cost of 12 dead and 60 wounded, Morgan had largely destroyed Tarleton's force. With 525 prisoners, 100 dead and 229 wounded (also captured), Tarleton had suffered losses of over 75%. .

The Patriot – The Battle of Cowpens

Battle of Yorktown – Sept. 1781 – 20, 600 American and French soldiers surround Cornwallis and force him to surrender, the war is almost over!

The War Ends How did the American Revolution end? Page 184

Treaty of Paris Sept. 3, 1783 Treaty – an agreement between two or more countries Terms of the Treaty • Remove all British soldiers from the colonies • Accept the United States independence • Pay for towns that were destroyed • British Request • Loyalists be treated fairly

Final Agreement • Named the United States of America as a new nation • The United States of America would reach from Florida to Northern border (an imaginary line that goes through the Great lakes) and the Mississippi River will form the Western border.

The War Ends Results of the war: The United Stated won independence. Many Loyalists moved to Canada or the western frontier. Many Native Americans lost their land. Americans felt justified because Native Americans had sided with the British. Slavery continued. “All men are created equal” did not apply to enslaved Africans. The government needed the support of Southern plantation owners who depended on slavery. Page 189

A NEW COUNTRY IS FORM… AFTER 8 YEARS OF WAR! THE COLONIES ARE ON THEIR OWN… YET THE 3 MILLION PEOPLE IN THE 13 NEW STATES WERE FAR FROM UNITED. . . WHO IS IN CHARGE? ? ? WHAT WOULD COME OF THE NEW COUNTRY? ? ?

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