LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS TAIWAN PART
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS. TAIWAN PART 2: TYPHOONS, FLOODS, AND LANDSLIDES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
NATURAL HAZARDS THAT PLACE TAIWAN’S COMMUNITIES AT RISK EARTHQUAKES GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE ENACT AND IMPLEMENT POLICIES HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE TYPHOONS FLOODS LANDSLIDES ENVIRONMENTAL DEGRADATION GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
TAIWAN
TAIWAN
TYPHOONS TAIWAN IS AT RISK EVERY YEAR FROM TROPICAL STORMS AND TYPHOONS FORMING IN THE WESTERN PACIFIC OCEAN, ESPECIALLY IF THEY CAUSE DEVASTATING FLOODS AND LANDSLIDES AFTER LANDFALL
CAUSES OF DAMAGE WIND PENETRATING BUILDING ENVELOPE UPLIFT OF ROOF SYSTEM FLYING DEBRIS TYPHOONS “DISASTER LABORATORIES” STORM SURGE IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN SITING PROBLEMS FLOODING AND LANDSLIDES
TYPHOON RISK • TYPHOON HAZARDS • BLDG. INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK TAIWAN’S GOAL: TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE COMMUNITIES POLICY OPTIONS HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EARLY WARNING • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS CASE HISTORIES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
Physics Of A Typhoon
HAZARDS OF A SEVERE WINDSTORM (AKA POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS) • WIND FIELD [CAT 1 (55 mph) TO CAT 5+ (155 mph or greater)] • DEBRIS • STORM SURGE • HEAVY PRECIPITATION • LANDSLIDES (MUDFLOWS) • COSTAL EROSION
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS • WITHOUT ADEQUATE PROTECTION, HIGH VELOCITY WIND WILL LIFT THE ROOF OF NONENGINEERED BUILDINGS.
LESSONS LEARNED ABOUT DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS. • DISASTERINTELLIGENT COMMUNITIES USE TIMELY EARLY WARNING BASED ON CRITICAL INFORMATION TO EVACUATE PEOPLE AND PREPARE.
TYPHOON MORACOT
Morakot was the most devastating storm of the deadly 2009 Pacific typhoon season and was also the deadliest typhoon to impact Taiwan in recorded history
PATH OF TYPHOON MORACOT: AUG 7, 2009
MORACOT’S FLOODING
CAUSES OF RISK LOSS OF FUNCTION OF STRUCTURES IN FLOODPLAIN INUNDATION INTERACTION WITH HAZARDOUS MATERIALS FLOODS CASE HISTORIES STRUCTURAL/CONTENTS DAMAGE FROM WATER BORNE DISEASES (HEALTH PROBLEMS) EROSION AND MUDFLOWS CONTAMINATION OF GROUND WATER
MORACOT’S IMPACTS • Morakot dumped a total of 2. 5 meters (100 inches) of rain on the island.
TYPHOON MORACOT: FLOODING CHIATUNG CO.
TYPHOON MORACOT: SUBMERGED HOUSE
TYPHOON MORACOT: COLLAPSE OF HOTEL
TYPHOON MORACOT: RAILWAY BRIDGE DAMAGED
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL TYPHOONS • CAPACITY FOR INTELLIGENT EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
TYPHOON MORACOT: RESCUE WORKERS
TYPHOON MORACOT: EVACUATION BY MILITARY
TYPHOON MORACOT: EVACUATION OF ELDERLY
OTHER NOTABLE TYPHOONS IMPACTING TAIWAN
NATURAL DISASTERS: 2003 • TYPHOON DUJUAN • THOUSANDS OF BUILDINGS AND TIAWAN HOMES INUNDATED • 1 -3 SEPTEMBER • AGRICULTURAL CROPS LOST • $320 M LOSS • $-- 0 INSURED LOSS • 42 DEATHS
NATURAL DISASTERS: 2001 TYPHOON NARI (TIAWAN) • $800 MILLION ECONOMIC LOSS • PARTIAL INDEMNIFICATION BY INSURANCE • 93 DEATHS
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NATURAL HAZARDS • CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
TYPHOON MORACOT: DEBRIS IN FUGANG HARBOR
MAIN INSIGHTS FROM SEVERE WINDSTORMS • EARLY WARNING AND EVACUATION TO MOVE PEOPLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY ARE VITAL FOR SAVING LIVES • WIND ENGINEERING PROTECTS BUILDINGS • WIND INSURANCE POOLS SPREADS RISK
TOWARDS TYPHOON DISASTER RESILIENCE RISK ASSESSMENT • VULNERABILITY • COST • EXPOSURE TYPHOONS • EVENT EXPECTED LOSS • BENEFIT • CONSEQUENCES POLICY ASSESSMENT POLICY ADOPTION
LANDSLIDES IN TAIWAN ASSOCIATED WITH TYPHOONS AND EARTHQUAKES
CAUSES OF DAMAGE SITING AND BUILDING ON UNSTABLE SLOPES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO FALLS SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO TOPPLES LANDSLIDES SOIL AND ROCK SUCEPTIBLE TO SPREADS CASE HISTORIES SOIL AND ROCK SUSCEPTIBLE TO FLOWS PRECIPITATION THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE SHAKING GROUND SHAKING THAT TRIGGERS SLOPE FAILURE
MORACOT’S IMPACTS • At least 40 people dead, many as the result of a village being buried by a landslide (mudslide) during the storm. .
TYPHOON MORACOT: LANDSLIDE; AUGUST 2009
TYPHOON MORACOT: RESCUE FROM MUDSLIDE AREA
LANDSLIDE EXACERBATED BY M 6. 5 EARTHQUAKE AND RAIN APRIL 26, 2010
Following several days of rain, a hillside collapsed onto a threelane highway over a 300 -meter stretch, burying three cars and disrupting traffic.
LANDSLIDE AFTER EARTHQUAKE
SEARCH AND RESCUE
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