LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART II
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS PART II A– PAKISTAN’S EARTHQUAKES Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
NATURAL DISASTERS FACED BY PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKES GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE DEVELOP POLICIES FOR ACTIONS HAVING HIGH BENEFIT/COST CYCLONES FLOODS LANDSLIDES ENVIRONMENTAL IMPACTS GLOBAL CLIMATE CHANGE
OCTOBER 8, 2005 PAKISTAN EARTHQUAKE
KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE 8: 50 AM OCTOBER 8, 2005 M 7. 6 10 KM (6 MI) DEPTH 79, 000 DEAD IN PAKISTAN; 1, 400 IN INDIA COLLAPSED SCHOOLS AND HOSPITALS 3 MILLION HOMELESS
THE SEVERITY OF THE KASHMIR EARTHQUAKE DAMAGE WAS RELATED TO ITS MAGNITUDE, SHALLOW DEPTH, SOIL AMPLIFICATION, AND POOR BUILDING MATERIALS AND CONSTRUCTION PRACTICES
EARTHQUAKE RISK • HAZARD MAPS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK PAKISTAN COMMUNITIES TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE RISK MANAGEMENT HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY and RECONSTRUCTION
EARTHQUAKES LIKE THE 2005 QUAKE OCCUR MAINLY AS A RESULT OF INTERACTIONS OF THE INDO-AUSTRALIAN AND INDIAN (EURASIAN) PLATES
OCCURRENCE • The earthquake occurred in the Main Boundary Thrust Zone (MBTZ), which runs along the Himalayan Arc for about 2, 500 km. • The epicenter was near Muzaffarabad, the capital of Pakistani administered Kashmir.
OUTLOOK FOR THE FUTURE • Experts believe that the October 8 th earthquake released only about 10 percent of the accumulated strain energy.
TECTONIC PLATES
COLLISION OF INDO-AUSTRALIAN AND EURASIAN PLATES
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES • PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE STRONG GROUND MOTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES • PROTECTION OF BUILDINGS AND INFRASTRUCTURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
GROUND SHAKING MAP
CAUSES OF DAMAGE INADEQUATE RESISTANCE TO HORIZONTAL GROUND SHAKING SOIL AMPLIFICATION PERMANENT DISPLACEMENT (SURFACE FAULTING & GROUND FAILURE) EARTHQUAKES “DISASTER LABORATORIES” IRREGULARITIES IN ELEVATION AND PLAN TSUNAMI WAVE RUNUP POOR DETAILING AND WEAK CONSTRUCTION MATERIALS FRAGILITY OF NON-STRUCTURAL ELEMENTS
ISLAMABAD
MUZARAFFABAD
BALAKOT
BALAKOT
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES • PREPAREDNESS PLANNING FOR THE INEVITABLE GROUND FAILURE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
MUZAFFARABAD (LANDSLIDE)
JAMMU, INDIA
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES • CAPACITY FOR EMERGENCY RESPONSE IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
ISLAMABAD
ISLAMABAD
MUZAFFARABAD
MUZAFFARABAD
LAHORE
BALAKOT
KASHMIR
AFGHANISTAN
MUZAFFARABAD FOOD LINE
URI, INDIA
URI, INDIA
JABALA, INDIA
RELIEF FROM USAID
FOOD FROM CHINA
FOOD DISTRIBUTION
FOOD DISTRIBUTION
KAMAL KOT, INDIA
LESSONS LEARNED FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE • ALL NOTABLE EARTHQUAKES • CAPACITY FOR RECOVERY AND RECONSTRUCTION IS ESSENTIAL FOR COMMUNITY RESILIENCE.
TO ACHIEVE EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENCE - - - • ALL SECTORS OF THE COMMUNITY NEED TO HAVE A ROLE IN THE IMPLEMENTATION OF POLICIES THAT WILL LEAD TO COMMUNITY EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE.
LONG-TERM NEEDS OF PAKISTAN • NEED: 2 TO 3 MILLION NEW DWELLINGS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. • NEED: NEW SCHOOLS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. • NEED: NEW HOSPITALS THAT ARE EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT. • NEED: NEW INFRASTRUCTURE THAT IS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENT.
STEPS TOWARDS EARTHQUAKE RESILIENCE • CONTINUOUS PUBLIC AWARENESS PROGRAMS • EDUCATIONAL SURGES AND TRAINING FOR PROFESSIONALS • EXPAND SEISMIC AND BUILDING MONITORING SYSTEMS • EXPAND COMMUNICATION SYSTEMS • MODERN BUILDING CODES FOR NEW BUILDINGS • MODERN STANDARDS FOR NEW INFRASTRUCTURE • STRENGTHENING AND RETROFIT OF EXISTING STRUCTURES • EXPAND INTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
STARTING POINTS • IN-COUNTRY BASIC • GROUND SHAKING AND APPLIED MAPS RESEARCH • INFORMATION • LESSONS FROM • EDUCATIONAL THE OCTOBER 8, SURGES AND 2005 DISASTER TRAINING FOR COMMUNITY PROFESSIONALS
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