LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS KAZAKHSTAN PART
LESSONS LEARNED FROM PAST NOTABLE DISASTERS KAZAKHSTAN PART 2: EARTHQUAKE Walter Hays, Global Alliance for Disaster Reduction, Vienna, Virginia, USA
KAZAKSTAN COPING WITH EARTHQUAKE RISK IN AN AREA OF CONTINENTIAL COLLISION
LOCATION OF KAZAKHSTAN
THE M 8. 4 CHILIK EARTHQUAKE OF JULY 31, 1889 § One of the world’s largest historic intraplate reversefaulting events. § Many landslides occurred in the region of the Chilik and Charyn rivers and in the mountains. .
THE M 8. 4 CHILIK EARTHQUAKE OF JULY 31, 1889 (continued) § Many buildings collapsed from the strong ground shaking. .
RECENT EARTHQUAKE: 11: 28 PM, MAY 31, 2012 § A strong, shallow, but much smaller earthquake occurred near the Altyn Emel National Park area, a sparsely populated part of Eastern Kazakhstan, about 50 km from the epicenter of the 1889 Chilik quake.
TO BECOME EARTHQUAKE DISASTER RESILIENT IS THE CHALLENGE
ELEMENTS OF RISK HAZARDS EXPOSURE RISK VULNERABILITY LOCATION
RISK ASSESSMENT FOR A COMMUNITY RISK = HAZARD x EXPOSURE SPECIFIC HAZARD: EXPOSURE: PEOPLE BUILDING STOCK INFRASTRUCTURE GOVERNMENT AND BUSINESS ENTERPRISE
RISK ASSESSMENT • NATURAL HAZARDS • INVENTORY • VULNERABILITY • LOCATION DATA BASES AND INFORMATION ACCEPTABLE RISK UNACCEPTABLE RISK GOAL: DISASTER RESILIENCE COMMUNITY FOUR PILLARS OF RESILIENCE HAZARDS: GROUND SHAKING GROUND FAILURE SURFACE FAULTING TECTONIC DEFORMATION TSUNAMI RUN UP AFTERSHOCKS • PREPAREDNESS • PROTECTION • EMERGENCY RESPONSE • RECOVERY IENCE
A DISASTER OCCURS WHEN THE NATIONAL POLICIES ALLOW IT TO BE … UN—PREPARED UN—PROTECTED UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFFECTIVELY UN (NON)--RESILIENT
THE FIVE PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE 1. PREPAREDNESS (HAZARD, VULNERABILITY, AND RISK ASSESSMENTS; PREDICTIONS, FORECASTS AND WARNING; DISASTER PLANNING SCENARIOS; INSURANCE; INTELLIGENT COMMUNITY); …
KAZAKHSTAN: HAZARD, VULNERABILITY, AND RISK ASSESSMENTS • WHERE WILL THE NEXT BIG QUAKE OCCUR? • WHEN? • THE PHYSICAL EFFECTS? • HOW BIG OR SEVERE? • WHAT IS AT RISK? • THEIR VULNERABILITIES? • EXPECTED DAMAGE? • EXPECTED SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS?
KAZAKHSTAN: HAZARD, VULNERABILITY, AND RISK ASSESSMENTS • WHERE WILL THE NEXT BIG QUAKE OCCUR? • WHEN? • THE PHYSICAL EFFECTS? • HOW BIG OR SEVERE? • WHAT IS AT RISK? • THEIR VULNERABILITIES? • EXPECTED DAMAGE? • EXPECTED SOCIOECONOMIC IMPACTS?
THE FIVE PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE (Continued) 2. PROTECTION (IMPLEMENTATION OF BUILDING CODES AND LIFELINE STANDARDS; SITE-SPECIFIC DESIGN AND PERFORMANCE STANDARDS FOR ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES) …
FROM UN—PROTECTED TO PROTECTED
IMPORTANT BUILDINGS AND CRITICAL INFRASTRUCTURE NEED PROTECTION
THE FIVE PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE (Continued) 3. EARLY WARNING (but not yet for earthquakes (ADVANCE WARNING MESSAGES, EVACUATION TO SAFE HAVENS, MASS CARE, RETURN TO HOMES OR TEMPORARY SHELTERS…)
FROM UN—WARNED TO SAFELY EVACUATED
THE FIVE PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE (Continued) 4. EMERGENCY RESPONSE (EVACUATION; EMERGENCY MEDICAL; MASS CARE; SEARCH AND RESCUE; EMERGENCY TRANSPORTATION, LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND INTERNATIONAL ASSISTANCE)…
FROM UN—ABLE TO RESPOND EFECTIVELY TO “INTELLIGENT” RESPONSE
THE FIVE PILLARS OF DISASTER RESILIENCE (Continued) 4. RECOVERY & RECONSTRUCTION; (INSURANCE INDEMNIFICATION, LOCAL, REGIONAL, AND GLOBAL BUSINESS RESUMPTION; POSTDISASTER STUDIES FOR PREDISASTER PREPAREDNESS, …)
FROM A UN (NON)— RESILIENT CITY TO A RESILIENT CITY
A CITY BECOMES DISASTER RESILIENT WHEN IT IS … PREPARED FOR THE INEVITABLE NATURAL HAZARDS THAT ARE LIKELY TO OCCUR AT THE WRONG TIME AND IN THE WRONG PLACE RELATIVE TO THE CITY’S SOCIAL CONSTRUCTS
A CITY BECOMES DISASTER RESILIENT WHEN … ITS PEOPLE, BUILDINGS, INFRASTRUCTURE, ESSENTIAL AND CRITICAL FACILITIES ARE PROTECTED BY CODES & STANDARDS AGAINST THE POTENTIAL DISASTER AGENTS OF LIKELY NATURAL HAZARDS
A CITY BECOMES DISASTER RESILIENT WHEN … IT IS ABLE TO: A) RESPOND EFFECTIVELY IN REAL TIME TO MOVE PEOLE OUT OF HARM’S WAY, B) MEET THEIR NEEDS IN A CRISIS ENVIRONMENT, AND C) PROTECT ASSETS, WITH AND WITHOUT HELP
A CITY BECOMES DISASTER RESILIENT WHEN … IT’S POLICIES NOT ONLY RESIST DISASTERS WITHOUT FAILING, BUT ALSO ARE MANDATES TO LOOK BEYOND TO A FUTURE OF SUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMNT
DISASTER RESILIENCE INTEGRATES RESEARCH AND SCIENTIFIC KNOWLEDGE GAINED FROM “DISASTER LABORATORIES” WITH EMERGING TECHNOLOGIES AND THE COMMUNITY’S POLITICAL PROCESS TO ADOPT REALISTIC PUBLIC POLICIES FORD
COMMUNITY DISASTER RESILIENCE WHAT’S NEEDED: TO FIND THE COMMON AGENDA (CA) OF TECHNICAL AND POLITICAL SOLUTIONS TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS CA
THE EFFECTIVE SOLUTION FOR DISASTER RESILIENCE FACT: THE COMMON AGENDA IS BASED ON EACH COMMUNITY’S UNIQUE STAPLE FACTORS POLITICAL SOLUTIONS TECHNICAL SOLUTIONS CA STAPLE FACTORS S O P T
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