LessonIV AGRICULTURE DO YOU KNOW Types of culture

Lesson—IV AGRICULTURE

DO YOU KNOW? Types of culture Cultivation of crops AGRICULTURE Rearing silk worms SERICULTURE Breeding of fish PISCICULTURE Cultivation of grapes VITICULTURE Growing vegetables]]HORTICULTURE And fruits ]] Ancient Agricultural Practices Relief art on the walls of the tomb of Nefer Sakkara shows Egyptian workers harvesting crops and tending livestock with rudimentary tools.

FARM SYSTEM o Major inputs—seeds, fertilizers, machinery and labour o Operations--ploughing, sowing, irrigation, weeding and harvesting. o OUTPUTS---finished prouducts like crops, wool, dairy and poultry products.

TYPES OF FARMING o Classification is based on geographical conditions, demand of produce, labour and level of technology there are two types. o 1. Subsistance farming o 2. commercial farming

SUBSISTENCE FARMING o Tradtional in nature o Low level of technology, to meet the needs of the farmers family. o Two types—intensive subsistence and primitive subsistence o Found in thickly populated areas, in a small plot of land using simple tools mostly food crops like rice , wheat etc are cultivated. — intensive type o In primitive type shifting cultivation and nomadic herding are common.

DEFINE THESE TERMS. o Shifting cultivation--Slash and burn agriculture. When the soil looses its fertility ihe cultivators move to a new plot. Maize, cassava, yam and potatoes are grown. o Nomadic herding— practised in semi-arid and arid regions like sahara, centralasia and parts of Rajasthan. They moved with animals. They reared animals like sheep , camelyak and goats.

COMMERCIAL FARMING o Crops are grown and animals are reared for sale in market. Area cultivated is more and large capital is used. machines are used widely. o TWOTYPES---commercial grain farming and mixed farming. for commercial crops are grown[wheat and maize]common in less populated areas. o In mixed farming the land is used for growing food and fodder cropsand rearing livestockc. o PLANTATION FARMING— Single crop is grown over a large area needs more labour and capital. tea , coffee are grown.

AGRICULTURAL DEVELOPMENT o It refers to efforts made to increase farm production in order to meet the growing demand of increasing population o Increasing the cropped area, the numer of crops grown, use of irrigation, HYVseeds, fertilizerz, pesti cides, machines are some advancements. in developing countries intensive typeis common and in developed countriescommercial type is common. .

A FARM IN INDIA AND IN THE U. S. A. o o Small size of land holdings, more labour force. Use of tubewells, fertilizers. pesticides. HYVseed s, implementsand storage facilities. products are sold in the nearby mandi. IN THE U. S. A. , average size of farm, scientific methods of testing, growing commercial crops like wheat, cotton sugurbeet are grown. modern machines are used. A farmer is like a businessman not like a peasant farmer. o A WHEAT FARM –U. S. A

REVIEW o Name two food crops, fibre crops, commercial crops, and plantation crops. o Name the factors influencing agriculture. o Map skill; world map; shade the areas of commercial type, subsistence type, plantation type of agriculture.

check your Answers. o BIJU P M