Lesson09 Information Retrieval AEX 5109 Citation MethodsBibliography Citation

Lesson-09 Information Retrieval AEX 5109

Citation Methods/Bibliography • Citation is giving details of a publication you have read on the subject. Citations show that you have explored what others already have done on the subject that you are going to do the research or a study.

Citation Methods/Bibliography • Bibliographic citation is a reference to a book, article, web page, or other published item with sufficient detail to identify the item uniquely. Unpublished writings or speech, such as working papers and personal communications, are also sometimes cited. (Wikipedia)

Citation Methods/Bibliography • Different methods can be seen in writing scientific citations. Scientific journals have their own formats of citations and the authors have to follow those formats when sending papers to scientific journals

Citation Methods/Bibliography • Why giving citations • To give more weight to your work- Research cannot be initiate without reading on the subject • Citations show that you have well read on the subject • To acknowledge the predecessors who wrote about the subject which you currently deal with • One who reads your paper or your research project could easily find the documents cited by you • Acknowledging original contributors or authors is considered as ethical use of information. It avoids ‘plagiarism’. (Copying) Safeguard intellectual property rights

Citation Methods/Bibliography • How to cite another person’s work in your write-up • Using the same words of the author • According to Craig (1979) ‘The importance of popular journals and the farming press both for up to date information and for indicating trends and topical issues, was also acknowledged by many research workers’.

Citation Methods/Bibliography • Writing with your own words • The importance of popular journals and farming press for up to date of information and indicating the topical issues have been identified by researchers (Craig, 1979).

Citation Methods/Bibliography • The cited author should be included in the chapter-end reference list or the Bibliography given at the end of your writing. • Reference List • Craig, G. M. 1979. Information Systems in UK Agriculture. Wallingford: CAB

Citation Methods/Bibliography • What is a bibliography • A list of publications arranged in a systematic order- Usually Bibliographies or reference lists are arranged alphabetically. • To compile a good bibliography one should be able to identify the authorship of publications

Citation Methods/Bibliography • Authorship- • Single author- One author • Multiple Authors-Number of authors • Corporate authors (Organisations) • • Editor – A person who is doing some technical work of a publication. Compiler- Treated as author • Translator- A person who covert the writing from one language to another • Publications with no authors.

Citation Methods/Bibliography • Inforamation to be extracted from publications for writing references. • BOOK -Author’s names, title-( name of the book), editions, place of publications, publisher, year of publication, pages, web address (URL) • Articles in a journal – Author’s name title of the article, title of the journal, volume no, issue no, year and page nos.

Author-date System • This is the most commonly used system in scientific writing. • The Authors’s name is given first and followed by the year of publication. • Single Author • Perera, S. N. 1995. Science and Technology to meet the global challenges. 2 nd ed. Colombo: Lake. House.

Author-date System • Two authors • Sarananda, K. H. and Wijeratnam, R. S. W. 1994. Controlled atmosphere storage of Embul Bananas. Peradeniya: Dept. of Agriculture. • Book with a editor • Molle, F. ed. 2006. Irrigation water pricing. Wallingford: CABI.

Author-date System • Corporate author • Central Bank of Sri Lanka. 2006. Annual report for the year 2005. Colombo: Central Bank. • Article taken from a journal • Templeton, S. R. and Anderson, A. 1990. Effect of the microeconomic change and land quality in hills of developing countries. World Development 27(Dec. ): 175 -184.

Author-date System • EDITOR OR COMPILER as Author • Molle, F. and Berkoff, J. eds. 2007. Irrigation water pricing : The gap between theory and practice. Wallingford: CABI. • Chapter from a book • Ray, I. 2007. Get the prices right: A model of water prices and irrigation efficiency in Mahareshtra India. In Irrigation water pricing: The gap between theory and practice ed. by F. Molle and J. Berkoff, 108 -125. Wallingford: CABI.