Lesson Six The Bible Geology Part 2 From

Lesson Six: The Bible & Geology (Part 2) From Wayne Jackson’s book

The Bible & Geology • Introduction – A study of the history of the earth, its composition, the forces that have worked upon it and the remains of ancient plants and animals – Many claim that geology provides the “proof positive” that organic evolution has occurred. – Let’s allow the evidence to speak for itself.

The Bible & Geology • Earth’s History: Two Views – Uniformitarianism – the evolutionary concept • Notion that the earth’s features are the result of gradual changes over a very long period of time (billions of years) – Catastrophism – the Biblical viewpoint • The planet’s surface has been subject to violent changes in the past (on a worldwide scale). • From a Biblical vantage point, the most significant of these would be the global Flood of Noah’s day. – Which of these ideas best conforms to the actual facts of geology?

The Bible & Geology • The Geologic Time Table – The actual truth is that the geologic time table exists nowhere on earth except on the paper of science textbooks! It is nothing more than a graphic conglomeration of assumptions, wistfully conceived and arbitrarily thrown together, in an attempt to prove the unprovable hypothesis of organic evolution.

The Bible & Geology • The Testimony of Scripture – The earth and all its living inhabitants did not develop over vast eons of time; rather, they were created in six literal days (Gen. 1; cf. Ex. 20: 11). – The earth was created “to be inhabited” (Isa. 45: 18). – Jesus, who was an active agent in the creation (John 1: 1 -3; Col. 1: 16), declared that male and female (Adam & Eve) existed “from the beginning of the creation” (Mark 10: 6; cf. Matt. 19: 4).

The Bible & Geology • Missing Strata – There is often more than 100 million years missing between fossil remains – Yet, the physical evidence indicates laid down in the same approximate time era – The sole criterion for viewing them as widely separated is the fossil remains – The fossil evidence is interpreted strictly in terms of that legendary evolutionary development.

The Bible & Geology • Finding Strata Flip-Flopped – Some of the strata of the geologic column are found out of sequence – Numerous instances where stratum from supposedly very ancient period will be found sitting directly on top of stratum which is allegedly much younger – And this with every indication that the various layers were laid down in precisely the order in which they are found – Evolutionists still hold the fossil sequence is always the guide

The Bible & Geology • Finding Strata Flip-Flopped – Example: near Yellowstone Park • Area of Paleozoic strata on top of Eocene beds (epoch of Tertiary Period) • Top layer alleged to be 250 million years older than base

The Bible & Geology • Finding Strata Flip-Flopped – Example: Montana & Glacier Park • Pre-Cambrian stratum on top of Cretaceous stratum • Top layer alleged to be 400500 million years older than base • The geologists/evolutionists contend the upper Pre. Cambrian region (350 miles wide x 6 miles deep) was thrust over the Cretaceous from a distance of 35 -40 miles away. No evidence!

The Bible & Geology • Finding Strata Flip-Flopped – Example: Mythen Peak, Swiss Alps • The strata were woefully mixed up – 200 million years flip-flopped ?

The Bible & Geology • Finding Strata Flip-Flopped – Example: Mythen Peak, Swiss Alps • The strata were woefully mixed up – 200 million years flip-flopped • Evolutionists attempted to explain these contradictions by suggesting the Mythen Peak was pushed all the way from Africa to Europe – “The Mythen represents an outlier of Africa resting on Europe. ” – Evolutionist Leon W. Collet of Univ. of Geneva

The Bible & Geology • Evaluation of the Geologic Time Table – “The actual percentage of areas showing this progressive order from the simple to the complex is surprisingly small. Indeed formations with very complex forms of life are often found resting directly on the basic granites. Furthermore, I have in my own files a list of over 500 cases that attest to a reverse order, that is, simple forms of life resting on top of more advanced types. ” – Dr. Walter Lammerts

The Bible & Geology • Evaluation of the Geologic Time Table – In discussing these mixed up strata, Sir Archibald Geikie, Director General of the British Geological Survey, said: • “Had these sections been planned for the purposes of deception, they could not have been more skillfully devised…and no one coming first to this ground would suspect that what appears to be a normal stratigraphical sequence is not really so. When a geologist finds things in this condition, he may be excused if he begins to wonder whether he himself is not really standing on his head. ”

The Bible & Geology • Evolutionary Expectations Dashed By Reality – If the geologic time table concept of earth’s history were factual, one could reasonably expect the following to be found: 1. The earliest (lowest) strata would contain sparse life forms (as compared to later/higher strata), with a gradual proliferation as one moved upward in the column

The Bible & Geology • The Sudden Explosion of Life – The fossil record reveals the fact that life forms virtually exploded into existence – this is not consistent with the evolutionary scenario – Every major invertebrate animal group has been found in the socalled Cambrian level—with no observable ancestors – This is exactly what one would expect to discover as a consequence of the great Flood of Noah’s time

The Bible & Geology • The Sudden Explosion of Life – George Simpson (“Mr. Evolution”) observed: • “There must be some special reason why varied fossils are suddenly present in the Cambrian and not before. This major mystery of the history of life has naturally excited a great deal of argument and speculation. ” – The Meaning of Evolution

The Bible & Geology • The Sudden Explosion of Life – Evolutionist Walter Sullivan declared that the “chief puzzle” in the record of life’s history on earth is the sudden appearance (600 million years ago) of most basic divisions of the plant and animal kingdoms. “There is virtually no record of how these divisions came about. Thus, the entire first part of evolutionary history is missing. ” – Evolution: A New Concept

The Bible & Geology • The Sudden Explosion of Life – To explain it, some evolutionists have admitted, “We don’t know. ” – Others submit that life-forms possibly “evolved then each in one enormous step. ” • Except uniformitarianism is evolution—slow, gradual change • Ponder this rejection of Simpson (Mr. Evolution) to the “enormous step” possibility— Such a phenomemon has “never been observed…has not been concretely described…need not be taken seriously. ” – The Meaning of Evolution

The Bible & Geology • Evolutionary Expectations Dashed By Reality – If the geologic time table concept of earth’s history were factual, one could reasonably expect the following to be found: 1. The earliest (lowest) strata would contain sparse life forms (as compared to later/higher strata), with a gradual proliferation as one moved upward in the column 2. The earliest types of life would be exceedingly simple, with complexity increasing at higher levels

The Bible & Geology • The Complexity of Life Forms – Another aspect of geologic history that even evolutionists use the word “puzzling” to describe is the amazing complexity of the fossils in the Cambrian period • “In these sedimentary deposits are found billions and billions of fossils of highly complex forms of life. These include sponges, corals, jellyfish, worms, mollusks, crustaceans; in fact, every one of the major invertebrate forms of life have been found in the Cambrian rocks. ”

The Bible & Geology • The Complexity of Life Forms – One such little (yet complex) creature found in the Cambrian strata is the trilobite. • It had eyes so complex that the math used to explain how the lens functioned was not worked out until the last century. • The trilobite is now extinct – If life-forms supposedly evolved from the simple to the complex, why are highly complex fossils (with no history of gradual change) being found in these early stratum?

The Bible & Geology • The Complexity of Life Forms – These fossils were not only complex, they were as specialized as their modern descendants – “singularly similar to the animals of the present day. ” • “Crustaceans have always been crustaceans, and mollusks have always been mollusks. There is not the slightest evidence which supports any other viewpoint. ” – A. H. Clark, The New Evolution—Zoogenesis

The Bible & Geology • Evolutionary Expectations Dashed By Reality – If the geologic time table concept of earth’s history were factual, one could reasonably expect the following to be found: 1. The earliest (lowest) strata would contain sparse life forms (as compared to later/higher strata), with a gradual proliferation as one moved upward in the column 2. The earliest types of life would be exceedingly simple, with complexity increasing at higher levels 3. Starting with the lowest strata and moving upward, one should find a substantially complete ascending scale of development (a relatively definitive, sequential chain of evolutionary advancement) documented in the fossil record

The Bible & Geology • A Theory Full of Gaps: The Missing Links – The expression “missing link” is used frequently but does not accurately represent the truth. There are, in reality, missing links. – If evolution were true, one would find fossilized organisms in various stages of development—from the incomplete to the complete (with the gaps filled in). The chain of evidence would have thousands of intermediate links. • But that is NOT the case! NOT ONE single example has been found! – Every organ & structure is complete! • Not a single fossil has been discovered with half-formed features. – There are major gaps between the major animal groups. • There are no provable “transitions. ” • Evolutionary “geology” is really “gap-ology. ”

The Bible & Geology • A Theory Full of Gaps: The Missing Links – Charles Darwin himself, in The Origin of the Species, confessed, “Why then is not every geological formation and every stratum full of such intermediate links? Geology assuredly does not reveal any such finely-graduated organic chain; and this, perhaps, is the most serious objection which can be urged against theory. The explanation lies, as I believe, in the extreme imperfection of the geological record. ” – George Simpson of Harvard (Mr. Evolution) conceded, “This regular absence of transitional forms is not confined to mammals, but is an almost universal phenomenon…true of almost all orders of all classes…” among plants and animals.

The Bible & Geology • A Theory Full of Gaps: The Missing Links – Evolutionist Stephen Gould admitted, “All paleontologists know that the fossil record contains precious little in the way of intermediate forms; transitions between major groups are characteristically abrupt. ” – Natural History – The evolutionary view of geology creates far more problems than it professes to solve! – Perhaps this is why Mark Ridley, professor of zoology at Oxford University, says that “no real evolutionist…uses the fossil record as evidence in favor of theory of evolutions as opposed to special creation. ” – New Scientist (1980)

The Bible & Geology • Human Occupation of the Geologic Strata – If it can be shown that the remains of true man (Homo sapiens) are found embedded in the strata of earlier geologic periods (earlier than where evolution places them, at the top of the geologic column, in the Quaternary Period), such will constitute proof positive that these strata were not laid down over vast ages of time, as evolutionists claim.

The Bible & Geology • Human Occupation of the Geologic Strata – – – – Human skull Thimble Engraved Letters Human bones Dinosaur Carvings Spoon/Tools Human Footprints Trilobite/Human Prints

The Bible & Geology • Fossils & the Flood – This study has revealed that: • The fossil record assuredly does not indicate that all forms of life have evolved from an original primitive source (or even a few sources). • The evidence does not warrant the conclusion that the geologic strata were laid down uniformly over long ages of time.

The Bible & Geology • Fossils & the Flood – The sequential deposition of the fossils in the earth’s strata is perfectly consistent with what would be expected if the earth were inundated by a global flood. • “All the fountains of the great deep were broken up, and the windows of heaven were opened” – Gen. 7: 11 • “The world that then existed perished, being flooded with water” – 2 Pet. 3: 6. “Flooded” means “overflowed” from Greek word that gives us “cataclysm” – to wash down. – It can be forcefully argued that the fossil record is predominantly the result of earth-water forces operating at the time of, and perhaps subsequent to, the Biblical flood.

The Bible & Geology • Fossils & the Flood – The fossil sequence may be studied in light of: 1. Sediment deposition according to ecological environment – Certain ecological zones likely prevailed in pre-flood era – Just as different types of organisms live in ecological communities today, similar circumstances would have existed before the flood – Logical to conclude that creatures inhabiting the same ecological area would be buried together – Certainly explain why marine fossils are usually found near the bottom of the geological formations

The Bible & Geology • Fossils & the Flood – The fossil sequence may be studied in light of: 2. The selectivity of powerful water movement forces – Hydrodynamic forces can also explain fossil groupings – Each animal would tend to fall by gravity, but this tendency would be resisted by the hydrodynamic drag force of the water acting on it. – Thus, organisms of high density and simple structure would have a tendency to settle most rapidly and be buried deepest – Hydrodynamic selectivity would tend to cause rather highly sorted sediments and fossils, with organisms of similar size and shape being buried together.

The Bible & Geology • Fossils & the Flood – The fossil sequence may be studied in light of: 3. The mobility differential of various organisms – Some creatures are mobile than others – With the coming of the catastrophic deluge in Genesis, it would be expected that those creatures with lesser mobility would be buried first, while those with greater versatility, speed and range would be able to escape the rising water longer. Invertebrates would be covered sooner than vertebrates. – This is just the order that has been ascribed to them in terms of the standard geologic time table.

The Bible & Geology • Fossils & the Flood – It has been estimated that some 70% of the earth’s strata are sedimentary (water-laid), which explains, in large part, why so many fossils have been preserved in the recesses of our planet. • “Only those [plants or animals] buried quickly and protected from decay can become fossils. ” – Samuel Welles, 1979 • There are fossil graveyards in many areas of the world which contain the preserved remains of all sorts of creatures, wildly thrown together in massive burial sites, and obviously interred very quickly. They are grossly distorted, suggesting they died rather violently.

The Bible & Geology • Final Thoughts – “The geological evidence thus far advanced is sufficiently convincing to any unbiased person that a universal flood as Moses describes is at least a most reasonable explanation for the phenomena observed, and only one who is prejudiced by obstinate and willful opposition to the Bible, or who lacks the moral courage to accept a view not in harmony with the accepted theories of popular beliefs, can be blind to them. ” – Alfred Rehwinkle, 1951

The Bible & Geology • Summary of Evidence Against the Geologic Time Table – The Testimony of Scripture – The Testimony/Admission of Some Scientists – Missing Strata – Flip-Flopped Strata – The Sudden Explosion of Life – The Complexity of Life Forms – The Gaps & Missing Links – Human Occupation Throughout the Geologic Scale – The Massive Fossil Graveyards – Obvious Evidence of a Universal Flood – Common/Unbiased Sense

The Bible & Geology • Conclusion – A careful & honest survey of the geologic record can lead to only one conclusion: the finders of true geologic science are far more supportive of the Bible than they are theory of evolution.