Lesson Preventive Health Programs Unit Veterinary Foundations Course

Lesson: Preventive Health Programs Unit – Veterinary Foundations Course – Veterinary Science Mr. Dieckhoff

Vaccinations l The Immune System ¡Video: http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=IWMJIMzs. E Mg&p=40 E 41 A 9 D 4 B 85 C 861&index=31 l Vaccines Mimic the Real Disease

Vaccinations l Types ¡ Killed – disease agent is dead (rabies), by heat or chemical l Advantages – do not replicate l Disadvantage – requires more disease agent, increased risk of allergic reactions ¡ Modified Live – takes agent and changes it to be mild (attenuation – changing disease) l Advantages – replicate once in body, less antigen is required l Disadvantages – mild infection symptoms (fever), lethargic for 12 -24 hours Inappropriate or too frequent use of a vaccine can be harmful

Vaccinations l Maternal Antibodies ¡Colostrum ¡Temporary (only 6 -8 weeks) ¡Don’t vaccinate under 6 weeks old because clash with maternal antibodies ¡Very important to make sure mothers are up to date with vaccinations

Canine Diseases & Vaccinations l DHLPP (Distemper Booster or Distemper Combination) ¡Distemper ¡Hepatitis ¡Leptospirosis ¡Parainfluenza ¡Parvo ¡Corona (C or CV)

Distemper l Attacks Respiratory and Neurological Systems l Symptoms – ¡ thick discharge from eye ¡ High fever Leads to death Spread by raccoon, foxes, coyotes, other dogs

Hepatitis (Type 2) l Infectious Canine Hepatitis l Attacks liver and kidneys l Symptoms – ¡ High Fever ¡ Loss of appetite ¡ Extreme Lethargy Leads to death

Leptospirosis l Microscopic corkscrew bacteria l Spread through urine l Common in rural areas around livestock l Symptoms – ¡ Loss of apetite ¡ Fever ¡ Vomiting Leads to Death Vaccinate has large side effects

Parainfluenza l Attacks respiratory system l Combines with Bordetella l Contagious in poor air circulation l Symptoms – ¡ Persistent cough

Parvo l Most commonly seen (especially in 1970 s) l Attacks digestive system l Transmitted through stool l Symptoms – ¡ Vomiting ¡ Bloody diarrhea ¡ Kills lining of small intestine

Corona (C or CV) l Mild case of Parvo l Symptoms ¡ Diarrhea without blood

Rabies l Concentrates in saliva l Ends in brain (paralysis/death) l Transmitted by foxes, skunks, bats, coyotes l Symptoms – ¡ Cannot swallow ¡ Large amount of saliva ¡ Aggressive temper

Bordetella (Kennel Cough) l Not deadly, but easily spread l Common in kennels, dog shows, groomers l Symptoms – ¡ Deep cough Vaccines – injectable and intranasal

Lyme Disease l Transmitted by ticks l High in hunting dogs l Symptoms – ¡ Fever ¡ Lameness ¡ Swollen Joints

Giardia l Protozoan found in stagnant water supplies l Symptoms – ¡ Severe diarrhea ¡ Rancid Odor

Cat Diseases and Vaccines l FVRCP (Cat distemper vaccine) l Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis l Calicivirus l Panleukopenia l Chlamydia (optional)

Feline Viral Rhinotracheitis (FVR) l Symptoms – ¡ Sneezing ¡ Discharge from eyes and nose Lifelong symptoms

Calicivirus l Cause oral ulcers l Symptoms – ¡ Cold-like ¡ Pneumonia

Panleukopenia l Feline distemper l Spread by water, urine, fleas l Symptoms – ¡ Loss of appetite ¡ Lethargy ¡ Vomiting ¡ Bloody diarrhea ¡ Abortion

Chlamydia l Symptoms – ¡ Severe eye infection ¡ Sneezing

Rabies (RV) l Same as dogs

Feline Leukemia - Fe. LV l Inhibits immune system l Caused by facial contact l Symptoms will show secondary disease

Feline Infectious Peritonitis (FIP) l Transmitted by fecal matter l Ascites (bloated) – fluid build up in belly l Given Intranaselly l Symptoms – ¡ Fever ¡ Weight Loss

Vaccine Schedules l Vaccinating a Puppy ¡ Start 6 -8 wks of age – physical exam, stool check, deworming, 1 st puppy shot ¡ Vaccine interval is usually every 3 -4 weeks ¡ Completion is 16 wks (newer vaccines 12 wks) l Vaccinating an Adult Dog ¡ 2 distemper-parvo combination shots spaced 3 -4 wks apart ¡ Rabies start at 12 -16 wks of age, repeat every 1 -3 years l Vaccinating a Cat ¡ 3 -4 week interval ¡ Start at 7 -9 weeks of age ¡ Finish kitten vaccines at 12 -16 wks of age

Tips to Handling Vaccines 1. 2. 3. 4. Always keep refrigerated Always use new needles or syringes Always reconstitute properly Multi-dose vials should always be mixed prior to withdrawing 5. Follow Manufacturer’s guidelines 6. Never mix inappropriate vaccines 7. Do not administer multiple vaccines into the same area 8. Inject vaccine slowly 9. Rub injected area 10. Record type, brand, lot, and serial number of vaccination

Hearthworm Prevention l An infection of Dironfilaria Immitic l Spaghetti-like worm l Live in Blood Stream l Symptoms – ¡ Coughing ¡ Weigh-Loss ¡ Labored Breathing ¡ Spitting Up Blood ¡ Death

Heartworm Prevention l See handout

1. 2. 3. 4. 5. What are the bodies natural infection fighting molecules called? Which type of vaccine is likely to stimulate a more pronounced immune response? What is the typical age we can begin to vaccinate a puppy? Why might a puppy vaccinated with a modified live virus be lethargic or sleepy for a day or so? List a prominent symptom of each disease: l l l 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. Distemper Parvo Rabies Review Questions – 17 Pts Which vaccine is sometimes given intranasally to dogs? How is Lyme disease spread from one dog to another? Of all the dog diseases covered in this section, which ones are transmissible to people? At what age can a kitten receive a rabies vaccination? Which disease may cause young cats to get a bloated appearance? How is the feline leukemia virus spread from cat to cat? FIP, if given, is administered in what location? Why do we often wait until 6 or 8 weeks of age before vaccinating a kitten or puppy? How often should the puppy vaccinations be repeated during the initial vaccination series? At what age do we attempt to conclude the puppy or kitten series? If a puppy were not brought in until it was 9 weeks of age and it had never been vaccinated before, at what other ages would the puppy need to come back for additional boosters? When is the rabies vaccination given to dogs? Cats?