Lesson Planning By Ahlam Mashmoushi GETTING TO KNOW

Lesson Planning By Ahlam Mashmoushi

GETTING TO KNOW EACH OTHER Trainer and Trainees

Workshop Outline 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Introduction objectives Warm –up Presentation Practice Writing lesson plans: Why and How Design lesson plans Demonstrate understanding of the skills enhanced through the use of the lesson plans

OBJECTIVES OF THE Workshop By the end of the workshop, participants should be able to: • identify the components and elements of an effective lesson plan. • differentiate between the old and the new model for filling the lesson plan. • provide oral and written notes on prepared lesson plans to discover their weak and strength points. • solve tasks regarding how to develop an effective lesson plan for a whole objective. • construct an effective lesson plan for a whole objective of the lesson.

Welcome

Introduction What is the purpose to prepare a lesson plan?

Introduction The Purpose of a lesson plan is to: • • • structure the lesson organize its contents/materials determine method of its delivery assess students’ learning evaluate its application/effectiveness

Tasks of Learning Outcome #1 FOUR MAJOR ELEMENTS • • Objectives / Learning Outcomes Content and Appropriate Teaching Activities Preparation of all the Material Monitoring & Assessing Learning

Tasks of Learning Outcome #2 Six Common Mistakes In Writing Lesson Plans (AND WHAT TO DO ABOUT THEM)

Tutor’s input: Six common mistakes in LPs 1. Poorly written objectives lead to faulty inferences. 2. The lesson assessment is not connected with the behavior indicated in the objective. 3. Prerequisites are not specified or are inconsistent with the lesson requirements. 4. The materials specified in the lesson are irrelevant to those described learning activities. 5. Teacher’s instructions are inefficient 6. Students activities do not contribute effectively to the lesson objective

Tasks of Learning Outcome #1 Lesson Plan the Easy Way The clearer the structure of a lesson and the more precise the directions on what is to be accomplished, the higher the achievement rate.

… Lesson Plan The Easy Way : Characteristics A Good Lesson Plan is a. b. c. d. e. f. g. h. based upon previous knowledge. caters to the age level of students. uses motivational techniques includes necessary materials is student centered, flexible, complete, interesting & activity based has proportionate time allocation includes evaluation process includes all the essential elements of a lesson plan

… Lesson Plan The Easy Way: Advantages • • • makes the work regular & organized it induces confidence. it saves time promotes learning. it makes conscious for the achievement of objectives. improves results

… Lesson Plan The Easy Way Four important Functions to write a lesson plan : identifies what you expect the students to be able to do by the end of the lesson • defines what you intend to do to make that possible • keeps you focused on target. • acts as a record of what the class has done. •

WRITING LESSON PLANS Components of a lesson plan: • Topic • Resources • Objectives • Methodology • Activity • Assignment

OBJECTIVES. . . are the learning outcomes of a lesson i. e. what the students should be able to know or do at the end of the lesson that they could not do at the beginning!

… OBJECTIVES Setting Objectives What will the learner be able to: • Know (concept…cognitive) • Do (skill… psychomotor) • Feel (behavior, attitude, appreciation or ideas…affective) Each defined objective is matched with: • Teaching Method • Learning Activities • Type of Assessment Note: Relevance is the essential quality of the objectives

Activity : Objectives/ Learning Outcomes Objectives should be SMART: • Specific • Measurable • Attainable • Realistic • Time bound Write SMART Objectives for: English : Comprehension Creative writing Grammar Literature – summary Mathematics Science Social studies

ROLE OF LEARNING MATERIALS • • Defines Instructional Objectives Sets Tasks to Attain Objectives Informs Learners of Tasks they have to Perform Provides Guidance and Practice Provides Feedback on Retention of acquired Skills Makes the teaching effective. Supplies concrete basis for conceptual thinking. Makes learning permanent

Teaching Materials / Resources A. COURSE BOOKS B. SUPPLEMENTARY MATERIALS: 1. Teacher’s book 2. Practice book C. SUPPORTING MATERIAL: 1. Audio Materials 2. Visual materials 3. Audio-visual materials. 4. Multi media

Tasks of Learning Outcome #3 WRITING LESSON PLANS Methodology - Specify Timings of each of these steps: (40/80 minutes) • Settling time • Introduction • Previous Knowledge • Presentation – Brainstorming / Discussion / teacher’s Input • Practice (Students output) – CW. Oral / Written • Assignment • Assessment – Test / worksheets

The PPP METHOD Any teaching Item has three stages Presentation Practice Production

The PPP METHOD Any teaching Item has three stages Presentation - Preparing class -Making sure the concept is absolutely clear to student -Giving the model example of the item Practice -Repetition/ drilling - Dialogue / discussion - Worksheets Production - Role play - Games / dialogue …etc. - Practicing the item - Assessment

…WRITING LESSON PLANS Activities: Daily – Life application of the concept Type & nature of activities: – individual / group work – reading – project / art work / model making – role play – presentations – charts / maps – practical work etc.

ROLE OF ACTIVITIES • • • source of motivation making learning interesting decrease the anxiety of learner concrete base for abstract learning develop confidence (individually, group work) develop creativity flexible and friendly environment provides students an approach towards learning capture the attention and involve the students in learning situation

In the Name of God Teacher: Date: Grade: № of periods: Follow up- activity New Material Phase Textbook: Title: Page(s): Learning Outcomes By the end of these sessions, students should be able to: identify … Instructional Materials Presentation Lead in Teaching Steps Discuss the … Application Identify theme … Formative Evaluation/ Assessment Assignment Remarks

Activity: Group Work Explain the following components of lesson plans I. III. IV. V. VI. Follow-up Activities Objective/ Learning Outcome Instructional Materials Instructional Procedures Assessment/Evaluation Self-Assessment

…TUTOR’S INPUT I. Follow-up Activities: Indicate how other activities/materials will be used to reinforce and extend this lesson. Include homework, assignments, and projects.

…TUTOR’S INPUT II. Objective/ Learning Outcome: Indicate what is to be learned - this must be a complete objective. Write this objective in terms of what an individual student will do, not what a group will do.

…TUTOR’S INPUT III. Materials and Equipment: List all materials and equipment to be used by both the teacher and learner and how they will be used.

…TUTOR’S INPUT IV. Instructional Procedures/ (Teaching Steps+ Application): Description of what you will do in teaching the lesson, and, as appropriate, includes a description of how you will introduce the lesson to the students, what actual instructional techniques you will use, and how you will bring closure to the lesson. Include what specific things students will actually do during the lesson. In most cases, you will provide some sort of summary for the students.

STUDENTS’ EVALUATION MUST BE BASED ON… Six Levels of Cognitive Domain Bloom’s Taxonomy

…TUTOR’S INPUT V. Assessment/Evaluation: Describe how you will determine the extent to which students have attained the instructional objective. Be sure this part is directly connected to the behavior called for in the instructional objective.

…TUTOR’S INPUT VI. Self-Assessment (to be completed after the lesson is presented): Address the major components of the lesson plan, focusing on both the strengths, and areas of needed improvement. Determine here how you plan to collect information that will be useful for planning future lessons. A good idea is to analyze the difference between what you wanted (the objective) and what was attained (the results of the assessment).

Activity Complete the Educational Chart Time: 05 minutes

Complete the educational chart What will the students be able to do at the end of the lesson?

TUTOR’S INPUT: THE EDUCATIONAL CHART

Tasks of Learning Outcome # 4 Activity: Preparing a lesson plan

Activity Instructions: Topic: Preparing Lesson Planning (Math , Science, English) Duration of activity: 30 minutes Materials required: Flip charts, chart paper, markers 1. Tell the participants that they will prepare lesson plans based upon what they have so far learned. 2. Divide the participants into groups. Every group will work on preparing lesson plans. 3. Allocate topics from the textbooks for each subject.

… Instructions 4. Allow the participants to prepare lesson plans as per their topics. 5. Each group presents their lesson. 6. Once the groups have made their presentations exchange the lesson plans between groups for analysis, comments and revision if required. 7. Invite groups to share their analysis and comments. 8. Repeat the above steps for each subject.

Aim: Before Planning a Lesson Questions you need to ask are: • • • – – What are the inputs? What is the output? What do I expect the student to be able to do by the end of the time available? What will I do in order to make that possible? How will I break up the time into main stages? What will be the main stages be linked? What materials/aids will I need to achieve these aims?

… Activity Process Input Process Output

… Activity Design a 40/80 minute lesson based on the method PPP – don’t forget to set the objective The following headings may assist you: Components of a lesson plan • • Topic Objective Resource Methodology Activities Assignment Assessment Evaluation (Self Evaluation)

… Activity: Preparing a lesson plan Gallery Display Feedback and discussion on lessons prepared

MEASUREMENT ASSESSMENT AND EVALUATION IN EDUCATION Who is going to Assess Me?

Self Evaluation • • Through Student’s output Intrinsic feedback (self analysis) Extrinsic feedback ( head /seniors) Informal ( parents)

Self Evaluation Intrinsic feed back (self analysis) based on • How do I plan a lesson? • How do I follow a curriculum? • How can I become an excellent classroom manager? • How do I make the best use of the text book and other audio-visual aids? • What do I do when things go wrong? • How do I know if my lesson is successful? What is the evidence? under planned / over planned, realistic targets % of student achievement?

Activity #8 • In the light of lesson you have planned give a brief evaluation plan to assess student achievement and then evaluate your lesson plan. • Homework

In the Name of God Teacher: Date: Grade: № of periods: Follow up- activity New Material Phase Textbook: Title: Page(s): Learning Outcomes By the end of these sessions, students should be able to: identify … Instructional Materials Presentation Lead in Teaching Steps Discuss the … Application Identify theme … Formative Evaluation/ Assessment Assignment Remarks

Select 1 Application Activities 1. Analyze your textbook for activity types. Plan a lesson by filling out a Lesson Planning Template (PH, p. 83) with the textbook activity/page numbers that match the stages of a lesson. Brainstorm activities to fill in the gaps. Teach this lesson (or the one your group developed during the workshop). Soon after you teach the lesson, take time to reflect on how it went. Ask yourself questions such as* What went well? Why? What did not go as planned? Why? If I had to do it over again, what would I change? What have I learned about my students that I can take into account in future lesson planning? * Use the Lesson Reflection worksheet. You can also use the Class Observation worksheet 2. Have someone observe your class. Develop a lesson using the Lesson Planning Template. Ask a colleague to observe you as you teach it. Your colleague can fill in the Lesson Planning Template and the Class Observation worksheet. After the lesson, reflect on your own teaching, using questions such as* What went well? Why? What did not go as planned? Why? If I had to do it over again, what would I change? What have I learned about my students that I can address in future lesson planning? Ask your colleagues for verification or support as necessary.

Class Observation • Arrange to observe a class at the same level you teach, if possible. • As you observe, fill in the Lesson Planning Template. • Then answer these questions: Questions Yes/No 1. Were the objectives clear? Y N 2. Did the lesson include all the stages? If not, which ones were missing? How did that affect the lesson? Y N 3. Were the activities varied in type and modality? Y N 4. Were the activities and materials appropriate Y N 5. Did the materials support the lesson focus and objectives? Y N 6. Was the sequencing of activities logical and appropriate? Y N 7. Were the transitions evident and appropriate? Y N for the students’ skill level? 8. What worked well? 9. What would you change? Answer/Comments

Kindly evaluate the workshop.