Lesson 6 A Place for Everything Storage Management

Lesson 6 -A Place for Everything: Storage Management by Rashid Khan

Overview Differences between basic and dynamic disks. p Manage disk volumes on dynamic disks. p The Windows Backup utility. p Troubleshoot storage problems. p by Rashid Khan

Differences Between Basic and Dynamic Disks Capabilities and limitations of basic disks. p Advantages of dynamic disks. p Using dynamic disks. p by Rashid Khan

Capabilities and Limitations of Basic Disks Each physical disk can have up to four partitions. p Each partition becomes the underlying structure for data storage on the disk. p The two types of partitions are primary and extended. p by Rashid Khan

Capabilities and Limitations of Basic Disks Primary partitions are the partitions upon which most operating systems are installed. p Each primary partition is identified by a separate drive letter. p by Rashid Khan

Capabilities and Limitations of Basic Disks Extended partitions can be divided into multiple logical drives. p By using extended and primary partitions, a hard disk can be subdivided into a maximum of 24 drives. p by Rashid Khan

Capabilities and Limitations of Basic Disks You can increase the number of discrete drives by using one extended partition in place of one of the four possible primary partitions. by Rashid Khan

Advantages of Dynamic Disks Dynamic disks: n n n Do not depend on partitions for dividing the physical disk into storage areas. Use volumes that can be used to store data. Have the ability to increase the speed with which data is read or written. by Rashid Khan

Advantages of Dynamic Disks Dynamic disks provide fault tolerance by: n n Creating live backups of data. Tracking special error correcting data. by Rashid Khan

Using Dynamic Disks Dynamic disks should be used: n n When the computers have multiple physical hard drives. If the computers have a newer operating system, as earlier operating systems cannot use dynamic disks. by Rashid Khan

Manage Disk Volumes on Dynamic Disks Volumes that grow. p Volumes that improve performance. p Volumes that improve reliability. p by Rashid Khan

Volumes That Grow The categories of volumes are simple, extended, and spanned. p Simple volumes exist on a single hard disk. p Extended volumes are an extension of a simple volume. p Spanned volumes offer flexibility in allocating storage capacity. p by Rashid Khan

Volumes That Grow A simple volume by Rashid Khan

Volumes That Grow A spanned volume by Rashid Khan

Volumes That Improve Performance Striped volumes can be used to improve the performance of a server. p A striped volume consists of segments of up to 32 different hard disks. p Striped volumes lose all data even if a single hard disk fails. p by Rashid Khan

Volumes That Improve Reliability of the data storage system can be improved by increasing their fault tolerance. p To improve reliability, mirrored and Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)-5 volumes are used. p by Rashid Khan

Volumes That Improve Reliability A mirrored volume by Rashid Khan

Volumes That Improve Reliability A RAID-5 volume by Rashid Khan

The Windows Backup Utility Backup options. p Features and shortcomings. p Performing a backup and restore. p by Rashid Khan

Backup Options Backup hardware and software: n n n Hardware such as writeable or rewritable CDs or DVDs can be used if the data to be backed up is limited. A tape drive can be used to back up large amount of data. Windows Server 2003 includes a backup utility called Windows Backup. by Rashid Khan

Features and Shortcomings of Windows Backup Features of Windows Backup: n n Automated System Restore (ASR). Volume Shadow Copy. by Rashid Khan

Features and Shortcomings of Windows Backup: n n Backups created on Windows 2003 cannot be restored on any other operating system. Windows Backup does not support writable optical drives as backup devices. by Rashid Khan

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup The various types of backups are: n n n Normal Copy Incremental Differential Daily by Rashid Khan

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup by Rashid Khan The Backup or Restore Wizard for Windows Backup

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup by Rashid Khan Backup or Restore

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup by Rashid Khan Items to Back Up

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup Backing Up Drives by Rashid Khan

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup Type, Destination, and Name by Rashid Khan

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup Status by Rashid Khan

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup Restoring from the Backup by Rashid Khan

Performing a Backup and Restore with Windows Backup Restore Status by Rashid Khan

Troubleshooting Storage Problems Disk errors. p Failing disks with mirrored volumes. p Poor performance. p by Rashid Khan

Disk Errors Disk errors can be system errors or bad sectors. p Windows offers an error-checking tool that looks for and fixes physical and file system errors on a hard disk. p Scanning for bad sectors may take quite some time on large drives. p by Rashid Khan

Disk Errors Error-Checking Tool by Rashid Khan

Disk Errors Check Disk Options by Rashid Khan

Failing Disks with Mirrored Volumes If the error-checking tool lists errors, the mirroring process can be stopped. p To stop the mirroring process, either break or remove the mirror. p by Rashid Khan

Poor Performance The poor performance in accessing files on a hard disk could be because of fragmentation. p Fragmentation occurs when pieces of files are scattered across the hard disk. p The performance of the volume can be improved by defragmenting the hard disk. p by Rashid Khan

Poor Performance Windows includes a tool that can be used to defragment volumes on a hard disk. p Defragmentation rearranges the data on the segment of the hard disk. p by Rashid Khan

Summary Basic disks use partitions to divide the disk into discreet storage areas. p Dynamic disks use volumes to subdivide the disk into discreet storage areas. p Various types of volumes that can be used to improve performance are simple, extended, spanned, and striped. p Mirrored and Redundant Array of Inexpensive Disks (RAID)-5 volumes can also be used to improve performance. p by Rashid Khan

Summary p p p Windows Server 2003 includes the Windows Backup utility that provides the Backup and Restore wizard. Disk errors can be found and fixed, using an error -checking tool. If a hard disk with a mirrored volume fails, the mirrored volume can be broken or the mirror can be removed. Poor performance in accessing files may be due to fragmentation of files on the hard disk. Defragmenting the volume usually improves performance. by Rashid Khan