LESSON 5 CARPIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION CPR 2011 National Safety

LESSON 5 CARPIOPULMONARY RESUSCITATION (CPR) © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -1

Basic Life Support (BLS) • First aid given if victim’s breathing or heart stops • Often needed for victims of: - Heart attack Drowning Choking Other injuries/conditions © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -2

Overview of BLS • CPR = chest compressions + rescue breaths • Gets oxygen into lungs and oxygenated blood to vital organs © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -3

Overview of BLS continued • Choking care - Includes chest compressions - Expels an obstructing object from airway © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -4

Overview of BLS • Use of an automated external defibrillator (AED) - Restores a more normal heart rhythm © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -5 continued

BLS Age Differences Infant = birth to 1 year Child = age 1 to the onset of puberty (for CPR and choking care); age 1 to 8 for AED Adult = past the age of puberty (or over age 8 for AED) © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -6

Respiratory Emergencies • Any illness or injury resulting in stopped breathing or inadequate breathing • Two types - Respiratory arrest - Respiratory distress © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -7

Respiratory Emergencies: Examples • Obstructed airway • Penetrating injury to chest • Carbon monoxide poisoning • Heart problem reducing tissue oxygen • Electrical shock disrupting breathing or heartbeat • Drug overdose or poisoning © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -8

Respiratory Arrest and Respiratory Distress • Respiratory arrest - Breathing has completely stopped • Respiratory distress - Breathing is difficult and may become ineffective © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -9

Cardiac Chain of Survival © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -10

Heart Attack – Acute Myocardial Infarction (AMI) • Sudden reduced blood flow to heart muscle • Medical emergency that often leads to cardiac arrest • Can occur at any age • Usually results from atherosclerosis © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -11

Facts About Heart Attack • Over 1, 255, 000 heart attacks occur a year in the United States, resulting in over 132, 000 deaths • Many could have been saved by first aid and medical treatment • More likely in those with family history • 1/5 of victims do not have chest pain • Victims typically deny they are having a heart attack © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -12

Symptoms of Heart Attack • Can vary from vague chest discomfort to crushing pain with or without other symptoms • May have no signs and symptoms before suddenly collapsing • May have milder symptoms that come and go before heart attack occurs © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -13

Symptoms of Heart Attack continued • In women chest pain or discomfort most common symptom - Also more likely to have shortness of breath, jaw or back pain, indigestion, nausea and vomiting - http: //www. youtube. com/watch? v=t 7 wm. PWTn. Db. E © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -14

Symptoms of Heart Attack continued • Consider possibility of heart attack with wide range of symptoms - Don’t expect a clearly defined situation • Act quickly because deaths usually occur with an hour or two of symptoms © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -15

Aspirin and Heart Attack • Many patients at risk for cardiovascular disease advised to take one low-dose aspirin daily unless allergic or experience side effects • For victims who do not need to avoid aspirin, chewing one uncoated adult aspirin or two low-dose baby aspirin is now recommended when experiencing heart attack symptoms © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -16

Nitroglycerin for Heart Attack • Increases blood flow by dilating arteries • Often prescribed for angina - Type of chest pain caused by narrowed coronary arteries • Comes in tablets, sprays and patches © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -17

Nitroglycerin for Heart Attack • Can assist victim with prescribed nitroglycerine - Follow victim’s instructions - Do not attempt to give if victim unresponsive © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -18 continued

First Aid for Heart Attack 1. Call 9 -1 -1 immediately. 2. Help victim into comfortable position. Loosen any tight clothing. 3. Ask victim about medications. 4. Encourage the victim to chew one uncoated adult or two low-dose baby aspirin (unless allergic). 5. Stay with victim. Be reassuring. © 2011 National Safety Council 16 -19

Call First/Call Fast Call First (before starting CPR): • Any unresponsive adult who is not breathing normally Call Fast (after giving about two minutes of CPR): • Any infant or child who is unresponsive and not breathing normally © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -20

Use of CPR for unresponsiveness and lack of normal breathing caused by: • Heart attack • Electric shock • Drowning • Certain injuries • Suffocation • Stroke • Allergic reaction • Diabetic emergency • Prolonged seizures • Drug overdose © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -21

CPR Saves Lives • CPR and defibrillation within 3 -5 minutes can save over 50% of cardiac arrest victims • CPR followed by AED saves thousands of lives each year • In most cases CPR helps keep victim alive until EMS or AED arrives © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -22

CPR Technique If unresponsive and not breathing start CPR with chest compressions: • Find correct hand position • Compress chest hard and fast at rate of at least 100 compressions/minute • Alternate 30 compressions and 2 rescue breaths • Give each breath over one second © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -23

General Technique: Rescue Breaths • Position victim on back • Open airway with head tilt–chin lift • Use a barrier device • Give each breath over about one second • Watch victim’s chest rise © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -24

General Technique: Rescue Breaths continued • Do not blow harder than needed to make chest rise • After each breath let air escape and chest fall • Blowing in too forcefully or for too long may cause vomiting © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -25

Mouth to Barrier • Barrier device is always recommended • Position pocket mask or face shield on victim’s face • Make sure it is sealed to victim’s face - With face shield, pinch victim’s nose closed when giving breaths © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -26

Potential Problem: Vomiting • To prevent air from entering stomach and causing vomiting - Open airway before giving breaths Watch chest rise as you give breaths Blow slowly and steadily Stop each breath when chest rises Let chest fall after each breath © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -27

SKILL: CPR FOR ADULTS, CHILDREN AND INFANTS (1 RESCUER) © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -28

Assess the Victim 1 Determine that victim is unresponsive and not breathing normally Have someone call 9 -1 -1, or call yourself if alone, and get an AED Begin CPR © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -29

2 Put hand(s) in correct position for chest compressions © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -30

3 Give 30 chest compressions at rate of at least 100 per minute Then give 2 breaths © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -31

4 Open airway Give two rescue breaths, each lasting one second - If first breath does not go in, reposition head and try again - If second breath still does not go in, give care for choking © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -32

5 Continue cycles of 30 compression and two breaths 6 Continue CPR until: • Victim wakes up • AED brought to scene and ready to use • Professional help arrives to take over • Scene becomes dangerous • You become too exhausted © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -33

7 If victim starts breathing normally but is unresponsive, put in recovery position and monitor breathing When AED arrives, start AED sequence © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -34

Compression-Only CPR • If you cannot or will not give rescue breaths, still give chest compressions © 2011 National Safety Council 5 -35