Lesson 4 5 Introduction to Immunohematology Immunohematology Study

Lesson 4 -5 Introduction to Immunohematology

Immunohematology • Study of human blood groups – – – – Blood bank department Donor blood and blood transfusions Tissue typing Forensic studies Genetic studies Paternity tests See Table 4 -7

History of Transfusion Medicine • • • William Harvey, 1628 James Blundell, 1818 Karl Landsteiner, 1900, 1930 First hospital blood bank, 1937 Improvements after WW II

History of Transfusion Medicine • Dramatic advancements from 1950 s – 1980 s • AIDS – Discovered in 1980 s – Caused major changes in blood donation and transfusion practices

Standards and Regulation • Food and Drug Administration (FDA) – Regulates • American Association of Blood Banks (AABB) – Sets standards – Accredits

Donor Blood • Donor requirements – Patient questionnaire – Patient physical – See Tables 4 -8 and 4 -9

Donor Blood • Donor blood collection – – Maintain sterility 450 m. L CPDA: anticoagulant plus nutrients Apheresis

Donor Blood • Processing donor blood – ABO and Rh typing – Antibody screen – Tests for infectious agents • See Table 4 -10

Donor Blood • Components – Red blood cells – Platelets – Plasma, fresh frozen plasma (FFP)

Storage of Donor Blood

Synthetic Blood • Trauma victims • Perfluorochemicals • Cell-free stable hemoglobin

Blood Bank Procedures • Most tests based on agglutination – – ABO grouping Rh typing Compatibility testing Tests for unusual antibodies • Safety • Quality assessment