LESSON 3 Severe Emergencies LESSON 3 Severe Emergencies

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies How can you respond to severe emergencies? Think about the “Essential Question” and Quick Write your thoughts in your Cadet Notebook.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Think about things it takes four minutes to do. Energizer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies In four minutes, list actions that last four minutes and share with the class.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Reflection: • Did four minutes seem like a long time? • Can you guess why four minutes is an important timeframe in a lesson about severe emergencies?

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Think about what you know about severe emergencies. Inquire – What do you already know?

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: F 1) If you started to choke on some food and you were alone, what should you do? A) Stick your finger down your throat and try to remove the food B) Lean forward over a railing or chair and thrust yourself down until you dislodge the obstruction C) Lay down flat and try to cough D) Bend over until your head is upside-down and try to cough Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Prepare for this lesson by discussing the key questions of this Student Learning Plan. • What will you accomplish in this lesson? • What will you learn in this lesson? • Why is the lesson important? • When will you have successfully met the lesson’s purpose?

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Learning Objectives • Identify the symptoms of choking, severe bleeding, heart attack, stroke, and shock • Describe first aid for choking • Describe first aid for severe bleeding • Explain when CPR and/or an AED should be used • Describe how to perform chest-only CPR • Describe first aid for a heart attack • Describe first aid for a stroke • Describe first aid for shock • Define key words: automatic external defibrillator, cardiac arrest, cardiopulmonary resuscitation, circulatory system, stroke

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Survey

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 1) The symptoms are cool, pale, clammy skin, and enlarged pupils—staring off into space. What is the emergency? A) Stroke B) Heart attack C) Shock Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 2) The symptoms are paralysis on one side and dizziness. What is the emergency? A) Stroke B) Heart attack C) Shock Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 3) The symptoms are nausea or indigestion and pain in the arm and neck. What is the emergency? A) Stroke B) Heart attack C) Shock Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Gather - So, what else do you need to know or learn? Think about how to identify severe emergencies.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Review: The first three things you should check for in an injured person are: • Check for consciousness • Check for breathing and pulse • Check for uncontrolled bleeding

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Signs of a Choking Emergency • Unable to talk • Problems breathing or noisy breathing • Unable to cough forcefully • Blue or darkened skin, lips, and fingernails • Loss of consciousness If the person can speak or cough, it is not a choking emergency.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Help for Choking 1. Back blows 2. Abdominal thrusts Do not use these methods on an infant. If there are infants in your household, check a first aid manual on first aid procedures for infants.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Back Blows 1. Stand at the person's side and have them bend forward. 2. Lean the person forward and give five back blows with the heel of your hand. Each time you strike the person, it is a separate attempt to get the object out. If the object comes out and the If the five back blows person can breathe normally, you do do not get the object not need to continue back blows. out, give five abdominal thrusts.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Abdominal Thrusts (Heimlich maneuver) Click Next to view the video • Stand behind the person and use one hand to find the person’s navel. Make a fist with your other hand place thumb side against the middle of the abdomen, slightly above the navel. • Grasp the fist with the other hand press hard into the abdomen with a quick, upward thrust—as if trying to lift the person up. • Perform five abdominal thrusts, if needed. Each thrust is an attempt to get the object out of the airway. If the blockage does not come out, you can repeat back blows and/or more abdominal thrusts. Note: For children over 1 year old, use abdominal thrusts only. Do not use back blows.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Insert Video #1 - Choking Adult First Aid. wmv and delete after slicing

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies If you are alone and choking, use abdominal thrusts on yourself. Make a fist and position it slightly above your navel. Grasp your fist with your other hand thrust inward and upward into your abdomen until the object pops out. OR Lean over a firm object, such as the back of a chair, and press your abdomen into it.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Severe Bleeding 1. Call for emergency help or ask someone else to call while you help the injured person. 2. If possible remove any obvious dirt or objects from the wound. Do not attempt to remove large objects or objects that are deeply embedded. 3. Stop the bleeding. Place a clean cloth on the wound and press on it with your hand to control the bleeding. Keep pressure on the wound by tightly wrapping another piece of cloth around the injury. Use your hands if nothing else is available. If possible, raise the injured part above the level of the heart. 4. Help the injured person lie down if possible. The person should lay on a rug or blanket to conserve body heat. Keep the injured part of the body immobilized.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies • Read the “Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation” and “Automated External Defibrillators” sections in your student text. • Take notes in your Cadet Notebook.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Click Next to view the video

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Insert Video #2 - Hands-Only CPR Demonstration Video. wmv and delete after slicing

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Heart Attack Signs • Uncomfortable pressure, fullness, squeezing, or pain in the center of the chest that lasts more than a few minutes or that goes away and comes back • Pain or pressure in arms, neck, jaw, or back • Nausea, indigestion, heartburn, or abdominal pain • Lightheadedness, fainting, sweating, or shortness of breath

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Heart Attack Response • Call 911 • Begin CPR or hands-only CPR • Use an AED if one is available

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Signs of Shock • Skin that is cool, clammy, and pale • A weak and rapid pulse • Slow shallow breathing • Enlarged pupils, eyes may seem fixed as if staring • Feeling weak, faint, confused, or anxious

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Help for Shock 1. Call 911 first. 2. Have the person lie down on his or her back. Raise the victim’s feet higher than the head unless you think this may cause pain or further injury. Try to keep the person from moving. 3. Loosen tight clothing. 4. Keep the person warm. Use a blanket, coat, or whatever is available as a cover. 5. Do not give the person anything to drink. 6. If the person vomits or bleeds from the mouth, roll the person to his or her side to help prevent choking—unless you suspect a back or neck injury. Begin CPR if the person shows no signs of life, such as breathing, coughing, or movement.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Signs of Stroke • Paralysis on one side of the body • Blurred or decreased vision, pupils of unequal size • Problems speaking, slurred speech • Difficulty breathing • Mental confusion • Dizziness or loss of balance • Sudden, severe, or unexplained headache • Loss of consciousness

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Help for Stroke 1. Call for emergency help immediately. Minutes matter. 2. Look at a clock and note the exact time you first noticed symptoms. The time frame will help the medical team. In some cases, they can give stroke victims medicine that will reduce damage to the brain. The sooner the medicine is taken, the better. 3. Stay with the person. Lay the victim down on his or her side and cover with a blanket. Watch for other signs of danger, such as loss of consciousness. Give CPR if the person becomes unresponsive.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 4) If you entered a room and saw this scene, what would you think is happening? A) He is trying to fix the chair back B) He is choking and trying to dislodge the obstruction C) He is having a stroke and is falling over Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 5) If a person’s leg is bleeding severely, you should _____. A) have them stand up B) have them lay down and put a pillow under their leg C) have them lay down and put a pillow under their head and chest Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 6) T or F: In hands-only CPR, you perform 30 chest compressions in 100 seconds. A) True B) False Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 7) T or F: If you think someone is having a heart attack, but is breathing normally and responsive in every other way, you should perform CPR or hands-only CPR. A) True B) False Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 8) Untrained bystanders can perform _____. A) B) C) D) CPR and use an AED the Heimlich maneuver and treat stroke hands-only CPR and use an AED hands-only CPR and treat shock Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: Q 9) If someone is not breathing for about _____ minutes, they will have brain damage. Brain cells deprived of oxygen begin to die after that time. A) two B) three C) four Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Think about how to respond to severe emergencies. Process - Now what can you do with this new information you’ve learned?

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Complete Activity #1 – Emergency Scenarios with your team. Divide Cadets into small teams

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Prepare to share and defend your response to each scenario.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Reflection: • Which severe emergency would be the most difficult for you to respond to? Why? • How do you think your level of physical fitness affects your ability to respond in an emergency? • Would you like to be certified in CPR? Trained to use an AED?

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Think about how to remember the signs and responses to severe emergencies. Apply - What else can you do with what you’ve learned today?

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Performance Assessment Task • Complete the Severe Emergencies Performance Assessment Task. • Submit your completed performance assessment task to your instructor feedback and a grade.

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies Insert Keywords HTML page with links to the games the CPS questions

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: V 1) Which picture shows an automated external defibrillator? A) Click to see the correct answer B) C)

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: V 2) A(n) _____ is the stoppage of the heart. A) B) C) D) abdominal thrust cardiac arrest automated external defibrillator stroke Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: V 3) Cardiopulmonary resuscitation is a procedure that is used when _____. A) an AED is available B) someone is unconscious, due to a heart attack, stroke, or some other medical emergency C) untrained bystanders are the only people available to help a heart attack victim D) someone is conscious, but gasping for air and has chest pain Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: V 4) The _____ system is the body’s network that is responsible for the flow of blood, nutrients, hormones, oxygen, and other gases to and from cells. A) B) C) D) circulatory respiratory excretory cellular Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies (U 2 C 4 L 3: V 5) In _____ the blood flow to your brain stops. A) B) C) D) a stroke shock cardiac arrest respiratory arrest Click to see the correct answer

LESSON 3: Severe Emergencies How can you respond to severe emergencies? Think about the Essential Question and revise your original answer to the Quick Write.