Lesson 2 THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Guiding Question

Lesson 2: THE SPANISH AMERICAN WAR Guiding Question: How are empires built? Vocabulary: yellow journalism, autonomy, jingoism, interfere

Chapter 5, Lesson 2 Setting the Stage for War • American expansionists paid close attention to political and economic actions of countries in the Western hemisphere

Tension in Cuba • By the 1890 s, Spain’s empire had shrunk to, Cuba, Puerto Rico, and the Philippines • Cuba had been fighting for independence for 10 years!

Spain’s Empire

Cuba

Jose Marti • Rebel who fled to the U. S. • Newspaper publisher and poet. • Returned to Cuba in 1895 and started a rebellion against Spain. • What was the plan of the rebels?

• Cuba Libre- “Free Cuba”, battle cry for Cuban natives • Cubans rebelled against Spain • Spain put them into reconcentration camps! “Cuba Libre”

American Opinion Splits • Many Americans disagreed about war. • Anti- felt it was too expensive. • Pro- help U. S. become world power.

Call for War • The press played a very big role • They talked of atrocities – wartime acts of cruelty and brutality. • http: //www. bing. com/images/search? q=the+yellow+kid+comic&view=detailv 2&id 5 D 96 FC 01 BADC 042507 EA 4 C 3424 CE 24 DFAE 31 EA 2 F&selectedindex=36&ccid=l 2 CG 8 w hy&simid=608056065885800439&thid=OIP. M 976086 f 308726 e 36 ba 02 ee 0336 e 081 e 1 o 0&mode=overlay&first=1

Yellow Journalism • Demands for US intervention in Cuba also came in large part from US newspapers – Joseph Pulitzer, New York World – Randoph Hearst, New York Journal Yellow Journalism – Type of sensationalism biased, and often false reporting for the sake of attracting readers

Yellow Journalism • What was the impact on Americans? • Jingoism – intense national pride with an aggressive foreign policy • More Americans began supporting Cuba

The Cuban Rebellion • Cuban exiles in the states urged the US to intervene • Both presidents Cleveland Mc. Kinley refused to help What did the rebels do? • Began destroying US businesses to pressure government to act

“Remember the Maine” • This became a battle cry of US war supporters.

Remember the Maine!! • US battleship U. S. S. Maine sent to Havana harbor by President Mc. Kinley to protect American interests. • An explosion on February 15, 1898 killed 260 American sailors.

War in Cuba • Roosevelt led the First Volunteer Cavalry regiment, called the Rough Riders –mixed crew of cowboys, miners, and law officers • Buffalo Soldiers nickname given to African American troops

Battle of San Juan Hill –Key victory in Cuba –Crushed the Spanish fleet, and won control of Cuba

A War on Two Fronts • Invasion of the Philippines. • Filipino rebels and U. S. troops defeated the Spanish quickly! –Rebels led by Emilio Aguinaldo

Preparing in the Philippines • Teddy Roosevelt (assistant secretary of the Navy) ordered the fleet under Admiral George Dewey in the Philippines to prepare for military action against Spain

A Splendid Little War • The war’s first action took place in the Philippines where Admiral Dewey destroyed the entire Spanish fleet in Manila Bay • Mc. Kinley surprised by the quick victory • 20, 000 troops sail to Philippines

A Splendid Little War • Americans seize Guam along the way • The Army was not prepared for war • Army recruited volunteers • Volunteers – a person who joins the military by choice

The Treaty of Paris - 1898 • Spain gave Puerto Rico (Caribbean) and Guam (Pacific) to the U. S. • Cuba became a protectorate of the U. S. –Nation’s independence is limited by control of powerful country

New Challenges After the War • How could US become a colonial power without violating a nation’s most basic principle – that all people have the right to liberty?

Dilemma in the Philippines • Mc. Kinley felt that if the US did not act first, European powers might try and seize the islands and new conflicts develop