LESSON 2 Passive Voice Objectives Presentation Phase What

LESSON 2 Passive Voice

Objectives ■ Presentation Phase What is passive voice? What is the difference between active voice and passive voice? When do I use passive voice? (present, past and future passives) ■ Practice Phase- Can I recognize the differences between passive voice and active voice? Can I use passive voice in guided activities? ■ Production Phase- Can I use passive voice to communicate?

PRESENTATION PHASE What is passive voice? What is the difference between active voice and passive voice? How do I use passive voice with present, past and future tenses. When do I use passive voice?

Warm up activity Presentation Exercise 1 ■ Find a partner. After, I will hand out a riddle to each pair. Each riddle has 3 choices. Decide together which food item it is. ■ You have 5 7 minutes ■ After we will whole group share. Each pair will read their riddle and try to guess what it is.

What is passive voice? What is the difference between active voice and passive voice? ■ Action verbs ( verbs of movement) can be used in two ways: active or passive. ■ A sentence has an active voice when the subject does the action Freda hit the ball. S+V+O (Freda is the doer (agent) and the ball is the receiver) ■ A sentence has a passive voice when the subject is the receiver of the action The ball was hit by Freda O(s)+V+S(o) ( the object becomes the subject but it still receives the action) The girl ate the cake. (The girl is the doer (agent) / the cake is the receiver) S+V+O The cake was eaten by the girl. (The cake is the receiver/ the girl is the doer) O+V+S

Active vs. Passive Voice Exercises Look at these sentences and decide whether they are active or passive: Underline the actor and circle the receiver. 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. The puppy chewed the bone. Eizo is known by everybody. Rebecca fed the birds. The bone was chewed by the puppy. Everybody knows Eizo. The birds were fed by Rebecca. 1. Active 2. Passive 3. Active 4. passive 5. active 6. passive

Passive Voice Structure Active Adriana helped the students. ■ S+V+O Who is the doer and who is the receiver? Passive The students were helped by Adriana What is different in this sentence? The passive is formed: Be+ past participle The students were helped by Adriana. Be + past participle + preposition+ actor (agent) The students were helped by Adriana

Active vs. Passive Exercise ■ Turn these sentences into passive sentences: 1. Alan washed the dishes. The dishes were washed by Alan. 2. Heinrich gave the present. The present was given by Heinrich 3. Freda played the violin. The violin was played by Freda. 4. Rebecca baked the cookies The cookies were baked by Rebecca.

Present, Past and Future Passives Passive voice can be used with any tense! We will focus on 3 tenses Present, Past, and Future Active Passive Simple Present: ■ Jane helps the boy. ■ The boy is helped by Jane. Simple Past: ■ Jane helped the boy. ■ The boy was helped by Jane. Simple Future: Jane will help the boy. The boy will be helped by Jane.

Tense Practice ■ Turn these tense sentences into passive sentences. 1. Marlene gives the note. ( simple present) The note is given by Marlene. 2. Marlene gave the note. (simple past) The note was given by Marlene. 3. Marlene will give a note. (future simple) The note will be given by Marlene.

Presentation Practice: ■ Rewrite the sentences using passive voice: 1. The man found the diamond. The diamond was found by the man. 2. The woman drives the car. The car is driven by the women. 3. The reporter will write the story. The story will be written by the reporter. 4. The earthquake hit Japan was hit by the earthquake.

When Do We Use Passive Voice: The actor (agent) is unknown, obvious, general or unimportant ■ The car was stolen from the driveway. ( doer (agent) unknown they don’t know who stole the car. ) A person stole the car from the driveway. ■ The murderer was arrested. ( the obvious/ general the police arrested the murderer) The police arrested the murderer. ■ Rice is grown in India. ( doer (agent) unimportant/ general by famers. ) Farmers grow rice in India. Rewrite these sentences remove the highlighted doer (agent): 1. A writer wrote the book in 1900. (unknown doer/ agent) ■ The book was written in 1900. 2. People speak English around the world. (obvious/ general doer/agent) ■ English is spoken around the world. 3. A man found a diamond in Thunder Bay. (unimportant/ unknown doer/agent)

When Do We Use Passive Voice? Scientific Writing, News Reports, or Announcements. Often passive voice is used to express more formal and impersonal messages. Scientific Writing. Three cups of water are added to the mixture. News Report. The crime was committed by a group of known criminals. Announcement. All flights out of Thunder will be delayed due to winter weather.

Presentation Exercise 2 ■Read the news article and underline 5 examples of passive sentences. ■After, as a class, we will look at article.

. The largest recorded diamond ever discovered was unearthed beneath the streets of Bangkok last week. The 375 karat stone was stumbled upon by a team of maintenance workers cleaning out the sewer lines last Friday night. According to witnesses, the stone was found by a man called Gerald. “I was walking through the sludge when suddenly I tripped over an obstacle and fell flat on my face. When I reached down to remove the object, I noticed it had a very fine surface, almost like glass, but it was so heavy I thought that maybe it was a piece of concrete. “When I looked at it close to the light, I couldn’t believe my eyes, ” he is reported to have told his boss. Gerald was immediately taken back to his company's headquarters where the account of his story was confirmed. The head office of Gerald’s company was full of friends and family wanting to know more about the precious stone. After hearing media reports of his finding, Gerald then fled Bangkok not wanting to draw too much attention to himself. Attempts to find Gerald by police and local authorities have been unsuccessful. The stone was reported to have been purchased by an unknown buyer from Dubai, going by the name of Mr. T. After collecting the precious stone from Gerald, a private jet was chartered to fly Mr. T back to Dubai. The sewers of Bangkok have since been overrun with prospectors looking to follow the fortunes

To use or not to use Passive voice, that is the question ■ Is passive voice always good? ■ "The passive voice puts the cart before the horse: the object of the action first, then the action verb, running backwards, the driver (doer)coming last. ■ Passive voice is more wordy and less direct!

General Rules ■ 1. Use passive voice minimally ■ 2. Use for these types of writing; SCIENTIFIC, NEW REPORTS AND ANNOUNCEMENTS ■ 3. Use when the receiver is more important than the doer.

Extension Work ■ Azar pg. 214 220 ■ Exercises: 7, 8, 11, 14, 15, and 16

PRACTICE PHASE Can I recognize the differences between passive voice and active voice? Can I use passive voice in guided activities?

Extension Work Take up ■ Azar

Practice Exercise 1 Fact Finder ■ You will be assigned to a group of 3 or 4. ■ Each group will be given two sets of cards. ■ One set of cards contains the beginning parts of sentences. The other set contains the end parts of sentences. ■ In groups, your job is to match the two set of cards to make a complete sentence. ■ The complete sentence is a fact about the world. ■ For Example: The rubber tire was invented by John Dunlop in 1888. ■ All of the sentence are in passive voice. ■ Your group will have 15 minutes to make as many sentences. ■ After we will share with the whole class.

Practice Exercise 2 Interesting Facts ■ Next we will do a very similar activity this time you will fill in the blanks and complete the sentences. ■ In this activity you will need to use the verb passively. Please try to use both past and present tenses. (for some facts there is more than 1 possibility) ■ We will do this activity in pairs. ■ After each fact, rewrite the sentence using active voice. ■ After we will exchange our worksheet with another group and take up as a group. ■ The person with the most correct wins. ■ For Example: ■ 1. ___________(rank) the cheapest place to live in the world. ■ Mumbai is ranked the cheapest place to live in the world. ■ Mumbai is the cheapest place to live in the world.

Extension Work Complete “Teach this” exercise for newspaper headlines for homework

PRODUCTION PHASE Can I use passive voice to communicate?

Take up Extension Work ■ Whole class share of news headlines.

Production Consolidation ■ In pairs complete the consolidation worksheet. ■ After, we will take it up as a class.

1. ______ verbs can be used with 2 voices: __________ and __________. 2. A sentence has an __ _______voice when the subject does the actio 3. Indicate what type of sentence the following are: active or passive (A or P)? § The ball was hit by Freda. § The girl ate the cake. § The puppy chewed the bone § The students were helped by Adriana. § Heinrich gave the present. 4. The passive is formed by BE+ ____________ 5. The three passive tenses we studied are: ___________, and _________________.

6. Write an example passive sentence in the 3 tenses for the following active sentence. Eizo helps the boys. ■ __________________________________________________________________________ ■ 7. We use the passive voice when the actor/agent is ______________, _______________ or _____________. 8. List 3 types of writing styles were we use passive voice: i. iii. 9. We use passive voice when the _________ is more important than the doer/agent. 10. We use passive voice more in writing or speaking.

This is John. He is a close friend and neighbour in your apartment building. John is Japanese Brazilian. He has lived in Canada for 5 years. He is a business student at Confederation College.

. You all live in this old apartment building called Maudsley Court. Eizo invited all of you and a friend named John to a party on October 1 st at 7: 00 pm. By 7: 30, everyone except John had arrived at the party. Heinrich asked where John was and Eizo told everyone that it was strange that John wasn’t there because he had spoken to him the day before and he had said that he would come early to help Eizo prepare for the party. Between 8: 00 8: 30 Adriana, Freda and Rebecca texted John to ask him where he was, but he didn’t respond. At 9: 30 Julie suggested that everyone should go to his apartment to see where he was. You all agreed. Once the group arrived at his door, Alan noticed that the door was ajar and that his lights were on. Inside, the apartment was in chaos: there was clothes everywhere, papers and books all over the floor and dirty dishes in the sink. Immediately, Freda suggested that the group should call the police. However, the police told the group that they were unable to do anything because John had not been missing for 24 hours yet. During the search each of you noticed something interesting in John’s apartment. As a group you decided to go back down to Eizo’s apartment to gather all the evidence and try to solve this mystery.

Production Task: Mystery at Maudsley Court ■ You are all at the party, and you have all decided to record the evidence you noticed and compare your information later. ■ Your first task is to collect the information. Interview each person to find out what they observed/collected or learned. Next, record your answers in passive voice. ■ After, in groups of three, compare your information and decide where John is? ■ Then we will compare, as a whole class, and discuss where John is.

Answer Key 1. What was found on his bed? (find) A letter from the Canadian government was found on John’s bed. 2. Who did he call last on his landline? (call) A taxi to the airport was called last. 3. What is missing from the drawers? (go) John’s underwear were gone from the drawer. 4. What is not in his closet? (go) John’s summer clothes were gone from the closet. 5. What was John seen doing? (see) He was seen leaving the apartment building. 6. What has been removed from John’s front closet? (go) John’s shoes were gone from the front closet. 7. Who sent John a letter? (send) John was sent a letter from a volunteering group.

Answer Key 8. What is on John’s list? (write) Passport, bank and medicine is written on the list. 9. What is found on the window? A paper with the numbers 2, 3, 12, 19, 20 was found on the window. 10. How much money was taken from his bank account? (take) $ 5, 000 was taken from John’s bank account. 11. Who left a message on the answering machine? (leave) A message was left by Tom Cruise from Red Travel. 12. Who wrote the note? (write) The note was written by John.

Where is John? ■ Whole class share (whole party share) ■ As a group we will discuss what was learnt during the investigation. ■ Where do you think John is?

WHERE IS JOHN? John is in Haiti. He is volunteering. As a result of his debts, he decided to take a vacation.

References ■ Images: ■ https: //www. pinterest. com/pin/281756520411666321/ ■ http: //prepperbroadcasting. com/2014/01/05/cart horse stocking 4/