Lesson 17 Tenses of To Be AND Infinitive

Lesson 17 Tenses of ‘To Be’ AND Infinitive Used as Subject and Object

Principal Parts of ‘To Be’ Sum, esse, fui, futurus 1 st 3 of the 4 Principal Parts - 1 st person singular (present), infinitive, 1 st person singular, perfect tense Stems How do we form the stem of the verb in present tense? To form the perfect stem: drop –i from 3 rd part

Learning Targets n n n Recognize and know the future and perfect tense forms of the irregular verb meaning ‘to be’ Gain an understanding of how the infinitive form of a verb can be used in a sentence. Be able to translate a sentence using a ‘verbal noun’.

Present tense of ‘to be’ n n n Sum ? ? Sumus ? ?

Future of ‘To Be’ n Hint – we use the word w. Ill when we talk about doing something in the future. The letter I is a key to remembering the future tense. ero eris erit erimus eritis erunt

Perfect of ‘To Be’ sum, esse, fui, futurus fuisti fuit fuimus fuistis fuerunt

Infinitive Used as Subject n n n Which principal part of the verb is the infinitive? The infinitive can be considered a ‘verbal noun’ (the form of a verb that can be used as a noun) The infinitive, being a ‘verbal noun’ can be used as the subject of a sentence. Ex. Errare est humanum (‘To err’ is human) NOTE – the infinitive is not declined and is ALWAYS neuter (so any adjectives would be neuter as well). n n

Predicate Nominative n What is a predicate nominative? Give examples. n n The infinitive, being a verbal noun, can be a predicate nominative. n n To have a predicate nominative in a sentence, what kind of verb must be used? Anything that can be the subject can be a predicate nominative. Ex. To see is to believe – what is the subject? What is the predicate nominative?

Infinitive Used as Direct Object n The infinitive can be used as a direct object (since it is, after all, a ‘verbal noun’). Again, it is not declined, so you do not add the accusative case endings. Ex. – She wants ‘to go’ to the mall. n Servos liberare parat. (He prepares ‘to free’ the slaves). n

Objects of the ‘Verbal Nouns” n n n Servos liberare parat. Being a ‘verbal noun’, the infinitive can also have an object; what word is the object of the infinitive in the above sentence? Another example: Amicos habere est gratum. (To have friends is pleasing). What is the direct object of the infinitive?