Lesson 10 Astronomy and the Application of the

Lesson 10 Astronomy and the Application of the Scientific Method This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577. This work reflects only its authors’ views; the European Commission (Research Executive Agency) cannot be held responsible for any use of the information contained therein.

Framework of the lesson The aim of the lesson is to study: • The structure and the function of the drone- arduino-sensors system. • The application of the scientific method in the discovery of the scientific laws. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Part I The system Drone - arduino -sensors This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The Phenomena Based on the following pictures, please formulate your own questions. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The phenomena Drone https: //pixabay. com/el/%CE%B 1%CE%B 5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE% BA%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B 7 -drone%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B 1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B 1 -41846656/ This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The phenomena Arduino https: //pixabay. com/el/arduino%CE%B 7%CE%BB%CE%B 5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE% BD%CE%B 9%CE%BA%CE%AC-1128227/ This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The Phenomena Memory card https: //pixabay. com/el/arduino%CE%B 7%CE%BB%CE%B 5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81%CE%BF%CE%BD%CE% B 9%CE%BA%CE%AC-1128227/ This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The Phenomena Sensors This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Questions of the students Please write down your questions This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Questions of the Lesson • Which are the parts of the drone-arduinosensors-memory card system? • Which function does each device perform? • How is the drone navigated? • Which are the different types of sensors? This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Answers The Drone : • Is composed by the fuselage, the moving propellers, the battery, the control device Drone • Its navigation is performed through the control device. https: //pixabay. com/el/%CE%B 1%CE%B 5%CF% 81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE%BA%CE%AC%CF%86% CE%B 7 -drone%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B 1%CF %83%CE%BC%CE%B 1 -4 -1846656/ This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Answers Arduino Τhe arduino: • Is a small computer • It can be programmed to record the measurements of the sensors https: //pixabay. com/el/arduino%CE%B 7%CE%BB%CE%B 5%CE%BA%CF%84%CF%81 %CE%BF%CE% BD%CE%B 9%CE%BA%CE%AC-1128227/ This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Answers The sensors measure: Sensor • height • temperature • atmospheric pressure • air humidity • …. . This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Part II The Scientific Method This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The Phenomena Based on the following pictures, formulate your own questions. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The Phenomena The Weather http: //www. hnms. gr/emy/el/observation/sa _xartis_paron_kairos_perioxes? ora=None&p erioxi=EUR http: //www. hnms. gr/emy/el/observation/sa_xar tis_paron_kairos_perioxes? ora=None&perioxi=G RE This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The phenomena Temperature versus height What does the graph represent? This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The phenomena Temperature versus height What does the graph represent? This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Questions of the students Please write down your questions This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Questions of the Lesson • Which is the relation between temperature and height? • Which is the relation between pressure and height? • Which scientific procedures does a scientist follow in order to derive conclusions? • Does the discovery of a scientific law always involve experimentation? This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Hypotheses/answers of the students Please write down your hypotheses/answers to the above questions This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Examining the hypotheses Materials • • Drone Arduino Pressure and temperature sensors Memory card Procedure The measurements are taken in an open field with the system. https: //pixabay. com/el/%CE%B 1%CE%B 5%CF%81%CE%BF%CF%83%CE %BA%CE%AC%CF%86%CE%B 7 -drone%CF%86%CE%AC%CE%BD%CF%84%CE%B 1%CF%83%CE%BC%CE%B 1 -4 -1846656/ This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Examining the hypotheses Measurements Temperature Height Pressure Height This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Examining the hypotheses Graphs This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The conclusions about the relation between height, temperature and pressure • The pressure …………. . with height from the surface of the Earth. • The temperature ……………. . with height from the surface of the Earth. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Application-Extension At the summit of Everest the temperature is: Α. Lesser than Β. Greater than C. Equal to the temperature at the surface of the sea https: //cdn. pixabay. com/photo/2016/ 07/07/11/48/tibet-1502341__480. jpg This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Application-Extension At the summit of Everest the pressure is: Α. Lesser than Β. Greater than C. Equal to the pressure at the surface of the sea https: //cdn. pixabay. com/photo/2016/ 07/07/11/48/tibet-1502341__480. jpg This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Application-Extension Atmospheric pressure practically vanishes at the height of: Α. 10 km Β. 20 km C. 50 km This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Comparison between the answers and the conclusions Discuss and record thedifferences which may appear between your initial hypotheses/answers and the conclusions you derived (questions 1, 2). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

The conclusions about the scientific method The scientists: • Apply the investigative method • Observe phenomena • Pose questions • Formulate hypotheses • Perform experiments(measurements, processing, . . . ) • Conclude (laws, . . . ) • Generalize • Apply the generalizations, the laws, in order to explain and predict • A scientific discovery comes from data taken from nature and not from an experiment This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Comparison between the answers and the conclusions Discuss and write down thedifferences which may appear between your initial hypotheses/answers and the conclusions you derived (questions 3, 4). This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Astromomy and the professions Please mention five STEM related professions that require obtaining and processing real data with scientific instruments. Present your results to the classroom. This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577

Evaluation Sheet This project has received funding from the European Union’s Horizon 2020 research and innovation programme under grant agreement No. 710577