Lesson 10 2 Dairy Industry Lesson Outcomes Understand

Lesson 10. 2 Dairy Industry

Lesson Outcomes • Understand the size and scope of the U. S. dairy industry • Understand common terminology of the dairy industry • Identify common dairy products Wiratchai wansamngam/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Lesson Outcomes • Describe the components of the U. S. dairy industry • Understand commonly used production practices in the dairy industry • Describe different breeds of dairy cattle in the United States Wiratchai wansamngam/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Dairy Industry in the United States • The U. S. dairy industry contributes more that $140 billion to our economy • There are more than 50, 000 dairies in the United States Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Dairy Industry in the United States • United States dairies produce more than 23 billion gallons of milk each year • The average dairy cow will produce 7 gallons of milk a day How many gallons does the average dairy cow produce in one year? Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Top Producing States Mirec/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Dairy Products • Fluid milk—fat free, skim, low fat (1%), reduced fat (2%), or whole milk • Cream—the thick white or pale yellow fatty liquid that rises to the top of milk iprachenko/Shutterstock. com; Erik Patton/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Dairy Products • Yogurt—a semisolid food made from milk fermented by bacteria cultures • Butter—churned from milk or cream and used to spread on food, or in cooking, or baking Wiktory/Shutterstock. com; Sea Wave/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Dairy Products • Sour cream—bacterial cultures sour and thicken cream • Buttermilk—the slightly sour liquid leftover after butter is made Picsfive/Shutterstock. com; Carlos Yudica/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Dairy Products • Ice cream—sweet, frozen food made from no less than 10% milkfat and a myriad of flavors • Frozen yogurt—a frozen dessert that is lower in fat than ice cream and contains yogurt cultures • Cheese—milk curd that is pressed together and may be seasoned or allowed to ripen with bacterial cultures Africa Studio/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Dairy Products • Evaporated milk—milk made from removing about 60% of water from milk • Condensed milk—a heavily sweetened product made from removing about 60% of water from milk Jeffrey B. Banke/Shutterstock. com; Kelvin Wong/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Common Dairy Cattle Terms • • • Calf—young dairy cattle Bull—young and mature male Steer—castrated male Heifer—young female Cow—mature female Calving—the act of giving birth in cattle Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Production Cycle of Dairy Cattle Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Culling the Dairy Herd • A dairy cow will stay in production for about five years • Reasons to cull animals from the herd – Mastitis—inflammation of the mammary glands, usually caused by bacteria – Inflammation or discoloration of the udder due to infection or injury – Lameness or trouble moving on feet or legs Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

In the Milking Parlor • Udder is cleaned and dried • Milking equipment is attached • After milking, teats are disinfected to prevent the spread of mastitis • Milk must be cooled to 45°F within two hours Picsfive/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Milking Parlor • Milk is stored in tanks before transporting it to a processing facility • Milk is tested to make sure it meets health and safety standards Baloncici/Shutterstock. com Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Anatomy of Dairy Cattle Courtesy of Hoard’s Dairyman Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Maintaining Herd Health • Establish a herd health program • Have a good relationship with a veterinarian • Purchase replacement heifers from reputable breeders • Observe new animals for possible diseases and parasites • Maintain clear, complete, and accurate records • Monitor cows, especially heifers, during calving Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Breeds of Dairy Cattle • Ayrshire Courtesy of Hoard’s Dairyman Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Breeds of Dairy Cattle • Brown Swiss Courtesy of Hoard’s Dairyman Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Breeds of Dairy Cattle • Guernsey Courtesy of Hoard’s Dairyman Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Breeds of Dairy Cattle • Holstein Courtesy of Hoard’s Dairyman Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Breeds of Dairy Cattle • Jersey Courtesy of Hoard’s Dairyman Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Breeds of Dairy Cattle • Milking Shorthorn Courtesy of Hoard’s Dairyman Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.

Breeds of Dairy Cattle • Red and White (Holstein) Courtesy of Hoard’s Dairyman Copyright Goodheart-Willcox Co. , Inc. May not be posted to a publicly accessible website.