LESSON 1 NOUNS AND ARTICLES Objectives Upon completing
LESSON 1: NOUNS AND ARTICLES Objectives Upon completing this lesson, students will learn: • Gender and number of words • The definite and indefinite articles Computer= computadora (femenino) Remember: Words not things are masculine or feminine. Wikipedia https: //upload. wikimedia. org/wikipedia/commons/a/ae/Gato_vs_gata%2 C_illustratio n_of_grammatical_gender_in_Spanish. svg
OVERVIEW • This chapter covers one of the most basic and important concepts in the Spanish language: the idea of number (singular, plural) and gender (masculine, femenine). The rules you are going to learn apply not only to people but also to things and places. • The definite article in English is THE. It covers all cases. • In Spanish, however, there is a definite article for: masculine, singular noun: EL (Example: EL señor) masculine, plural: LOS (Los señores) feminine, singular: LA (La señorita), feminine, plural: LAS (LAS señoritas
• Usually, to form the feminine of a noun you add A to the final consonant or change the final vowel for A: León/ leona mexicano/ mexicana • However, there are several exceptions that you will learn further in the course. • The masculine LOS is used with a set that includes any combination of masculine and feminine nouns: los estudiantes, los profesores. •
OVERVIEW • Nouns ending in -IÓN are usually feminine (lección, conversación). Words ending in -AD are also feminine: nacionalidad, verdad (truth), amistad (friendship) • Words ending in consonant are usually masculine, however there are exceptions (see above) • The following words are then masculine • Pared (wall) árbol (tree) reloj (watch, clock) Lápiz (penci) Amor (love) papel (paper)
OVERVIEW • In the United States, it is almost impossible not to have been • • • exposed to the Spanish language. Try the following as an exercise : Without looking at the English equivalent, try to guess the meaning of the following words: Amigo coche lápiz silla Libro sombrero cabeza suéter Señor patio mesa madre Universidad mano ciudad mujer Adulto toro pueblo hombre • Now, read again the previous slides and add the definitive article to the words above. Answers
• The Indefinite article, a, an in English, is: Un (singular, masculine), Una (singular feminine) Unos, unas (some) plural, masculine and feminine • Un libro/ Una silla/ Unos libros/ Unas sillas • The formation of plural: Plural of words ending in vowel= +S: casa/casas; hombre/hombres Plural of words ending in consonant= +ES. nacionalidad/nacionalidades mujer/mujeres
• Amigo (friend) El • lápiz • libro (Book) El sombrero (Hat) El • cabeza (Head) La suéter (Sweater) El • señor (Gentleman) El patio (Yard, patio) El • mesa madre (Mother) La • universidad (University, College)La mano (The exception to the rule) La • ciudad (City) La (pencil) El (Table) La coche (car) El silla (Chair) La mujer (Woman) La adulto (Male adult) El toro pueblo (Town) El hombre (Man) El Roger Celis (Bull) El
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