LEONA TRANSIENT LUMINOUS EVENT AND THUNDERSTORM HIGH ENERGY

LEONA: TRANSIENT LUMINOUS EVENT AND THUNDERSTORM HIGH ENERGY EMISSION COLLABORATIVE NETWORK IN LATIN AMERICA Fernanda São Sabbas – fernandasaosabbas@gmail. com Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais – INPE, Brazil

TRANSIENT LUMINOUS EVENTS: SUMMARY

TRANSIENT LUMINOUS EVENTS: GLOBAL RATES ISUAL: Imager of Sprites and Upper Atmospheric Lightning onboard FORMOSAT-2 satellite 1 sprite/minute 35 elves/minute (d) Global lightning distribution 1 halo/minute Adapted from Chen et al. [2008] Adapted Courtesy: Caitano da Silva

HISTORICAL SUMMARY OF SOUTH AMERICA UP TODATE 1991: First TLE observations over South America � 1995: First airplane observations of sprites over Peru � Result from international effort: UW, INPE, UAF, USU 2005: First observations of TLEs above Argentina � University of Alaska Peru 95 Campaign 2002/2003: First sprite observation and campaign in Brazil � Space Shuttle, Mesoscale Lightning Experiment – MLE, STS-43 mission University of Alaska Chile 2005 Campaign (from Cerro Tololo) 2005 -2008: DEELUMINOS Project / FAPESP grant DEELUMINOS: Electromagnetic Energy Deposition in the Upper Atmosphere Signaled by Sprites and Other Transient Luminous Events � 5 TLE campaigns in Brazil � International and national collaborations � 2012: Start of ACATMOS team and LEONA � ACATMOS: Atmospheric Electrodynamical Coupling team: � LEONA: TLE and Thunderstorm High Energy Emission Collaborative Network in Latin America

SUMMARY OF TLE CAMPAIGNS SAMA 2002/ 2003: 18 sprites 2006 A: >400 TLEs 2007: 46 sprites 2005: 11 TLEs 2006 P: ~100 2008: ~20 TLEs Figures courtesy: Rodrigo Azambuja

LEONA Initial Collaboration team � Brazil: � Peru: � National University of Cordoba – NUC Astronomy and space Physics Institute - CONICET Russia: � Jicamarca Radio Observatory – JRO, Peru Argentina: � National Institute for Space Research – INPE (PI institution) Instituto Tecnológico SIMEPAR Lebedev Physical Institute – LPI, Russian Academy of Science ? ? ? (You are invited to join!) Research Interests: • TLE and High Energy Emissions related to Thunderstorms (HEET) spatial distribution and climatology in Latin America: not measured by satellites • Ionospheric effects of lightning and TLEs in the ionosphere: e. g. Jicamarca and Julia Observatories • Possible relationship with other phenomena: e. g. connection with gravity waves, high energy particle precipitation in SAMA • • • HEET and TLE measurements in coordination with Auger measurements ? ? ? Discovery of other optical phenomena ? ? ? (Other interesting topics are very welcome!)

TLE OBSERVATION EQUIPMENT Necessidades: - Local afastado das luzes da cidade - Boa visibilidade no horizonte - Céu claro no local - Segurança - Eletricidade - Internet Pan-titl controller (black) and pantilt with camera enclosures, for remote operation. Câmera CMOS intensificada de alta velocidade (até 67 mil fps) Manualy oerated high-speed instensfied video cameras (60, 000 fps and more) for campaigns. Remotely controlled video EMCCD cameras (30 fps)

LEONA INITIAL COVERAGE

LEONA Target Thunderstorms

Third Campaign MCS of 22 -23/02/2006 MCS track

Third Campaign MCS of 22 -23/02/2006

Third Campaign MCS of 22 -23/02/2006 São Sabbas, F T et al. , Observations of Prolific Transient Luminous Event Production Above a Mesoscale Convective System in Argentina during the Sprite 2006 Campaign in Brazil. J. Geophys. Res. , 2010.

REQUIREMENTS FOR TLE OBSERVATION Requirements Auger Observation site away from city lights (TLEs have low luminosity) OK! Nighttime observations only to do not damage equipment OK! Turn off all outdoors lights at the site during observations (sensitive cameras and lights can obfuscate the TLEs) Possible? ? ? Clear sky on site (visible stars at low elevation) and thunderstorm ~200 -800 km away OK! Safety at the site OK! Internet connection: -The cameras are operated remotely -Compressed images need to be sent at near real time to the observer to follow the TLE activity, and point the camera -The TLE data locally stored needs to be sent to the storage server at INPE after observations are done Appropriated place to install camera with good visibility in the horizon/ low elevation angle: -Ideal: 360 o unobstructed view -Minimum: 180 o unobstructed view centered on West direction Technical support: - A person to go check out the equipment in case there is any problem Possible? ? ? (Visited Cohihueco site in July 2012, it has minimum requirement) Possible? ? ?

LEONA TLE OBSERVATION AT AUGER Requirements for Auger A small place in the terrace of Cohihueco site or other to put to camera Possible? ? ? A small area inside to place the controller/storage PC + nobreak Possible? ? ? Turn off all outdoors lights at the site during observations (sensitive cameras and lights can obfuscate the TLEs) Possible? ? ? Power: 1000 W Possible? ? ? Safety at the site Possible? ? ? Internet connection: -Ideal band 512 kb/s -Realistic band 256 kb/s -Minimum band 120 kb/s Minimum technical support from Auger personnel Possible? ? ?

LATIN AMERICAN COLLABORATION FORCOBRAT TLE AND HIGH ENERGY EMISSION MEASUREMENTS ONBOARD LONG DURATION BALLOONS Fernanda São Sabbas (on behalf of ACATMOS team) Instituto Nacional de Pesquisas Espaciais - INPE