Legislation Regulation and Authorization Authorization and Inspection of

Legislation, Regulation and Authorization

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Objectives To understand the essential elements and concepts to be addressed in legislation to be applied in industrial radiography. To provide understanding of the specific requirements for radiation protection and safety during industrial radiography. To provide an understanding of the authorization process and the procedures for its implementation in industrial radiography. 2

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Contents - Legislation • Basic purpose of the legislation to permit the beneficial uses of ionizing radiation in industrial radiography while providing for adequate radiation safety. • Discussion on each of the essential elements and concepts relevant to radiation safety in industrial radiography to be included in legislation. 3

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Regulatory Body Module 1 The Regulatory Body shall: • develop regulations applicable to authorizations for industrial • radiography and establish relevant radiation protection and safety requirements; assess and review authorization applications for the possession and use of radiation sources for industrial radiography; • define in the regulations and in conditions applied to authorizations the detailed obligations placed on those who possess industrial radiography sources. 4

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Regulatory Body (cont) Module 1 The Regulatory Body shall inspect industrial radiography practices and: • assess the facility and work practices for compliance with the applicable regulations and the conditions specified in authorizations; • take appropriate action to enforce the regulatory requirements and conditions of authorization and to protect the health and safety of workers and the public; • impose enforcement actions and, if appropriate, penalties for non-compliance. 5

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Regulatory Body (cont) Module 1 The Regulatory Body shall: • be provided with sufficient funding to support programmes for authorization and inspection of industrial radiography practices; • assist in industrial radiography emergency response; • initiate, recommend, or provide support on intervention on industrial radiography practices as appropriate; • establish appropriate mechanisms to inform the public about the regulatory process and the radiation safety aspects of industrial radiography. 6

Practice Specific Regulations

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Contents – Practice Specific Regulations • Principal requirements relating to authorization of the practice, responsibilities, management and training of workers. • Requirements for individual monitoring of workers. • Detailed requirements for industrial radiography equipment. • An overview of requirements to transport industrial radiography sources. • Specific requirements for emergency planning and preparedness in industrial radiography 8

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the owner Local Working Rules Duties and Responsibilities Obtaining Authorization for the practice Management and Organizational Training Radiation Protection Programme Qualified Expert Radiation Protection Officer Radiographer(s) Assistant Radiographer(s) 9

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the owner Obtaining Authorization for the practice Notification shall be given to the Regulatory Body and application made for authorization (licence) The applicant (person responsible for the facility or activity) shall provide all the information required by the Regulatory Body to support the application for Authorization 10

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee The Licensee is responsible for developing and implementing the technical and organizational measures that are necessary to ensure the protection of persons (workers and the public) and for the safety and security of the authorized radiation sources. 11

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee Management and Organizational Licensees shall provide the human and material resources necessary to ensure safe working conditions and compliance with licence conditions. 12

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee Management and Organizational Radiation Protection Programme (RPP) Licensees shall establish and maintain a RPP that includes a commitment by management to developing and promoting a safety culture that encourages a questioning and learning attitude to protection and safety and discourages complacency 13

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee Management and Organizational Radiation Protection Programme (RPP) Objective of a RPP is to clearly establish the licensee’s responsibilities for radiation protection and safety through the adoption of organizational structures, policies, procedures and arrangements 14

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee Management and Organizational Radiation Protection Programme Duties and Responsibilities Qualified Expert: Licensees may appoint persons to carry out actions and tasks related to these responsibilities, although the Licensee remains responsible for the actions and tasks 15

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee Management and Organizational Radiation Protection Programme Duties and Responsibilities Radiation Protection Officer: Principal duties include ensuring that all radiography is properly supervised, and that local rules, procedures, protective measures and safety provisions are followed. 16

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee Management and Organizational Radiation Protection Programme Duties and Responsibilities Radiographers: Responsible for the application of safe working procedures in respect of the radiation sources under their immediate control. Assistants: Work under the direct supervision of a qualified industrial radiographer. 17

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee Local Working Rules Licensees shall establish local rules that describe the procedures for ensuring a satisfactory level of radiation safety for workers and the public. The local rules should specify how industrial radiography will be carried out to ensure compliance with the Regulations and licence conditions. 18

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensees shall ensure that all persons involved in industrial radiography have the level of education prescribed by the Regulatory Body and that they are properly informed of the potential health risks Training The training shall be carried out systematically and should be accredited in accordance with recognized local, national or international standards. Periodic re-training is essential to maintaining a satisfactory level of competence. 19

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Individual Monitoring of Workers Responsibilities of the Licensee Workplace Monitoring Security of Radiation Sources 20

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Individual Monitoring of Workers Individual dose monitoring Maintenance of dose records Investigate unusual doses Personal Alarms Responsibilities of the Licensee Direct reading dosimeters A program for individual monitoring of radiation workers includes data to verify safe work procedures and the optimization of protection. 21

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Provide sufficient numbers of functional and calibrated survey meters Ensure that users are trained in the proper use of survey meters Responsibilities of the Licensee Workplace Monitoring Ensure the timely maintenance of x-ray equipment and the devices used with radioactive sources Maintain records of radiation surveys (for the classification of controlled and supervised areas) 22

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Promptly notify the Regulatory Body of changes to the source inventory and immediately in the event of any loss Responsibilities of the Licensee Physically audit and maintain the radiation source inventory at defined intervals Keep source movement records up to date Security of Radiation Sources Provide secure storage, particularly for radioactive sources 23

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Industrial radiography equipment Responsibilities of the Licensee Shielded enclosures Site radiography 24

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Industrial radiography equipment Responsibilities of the Licensee The licensee must ensure that all radiation sources and their associated equipment are subject to regular maintenance and inspection and are fit for their intended purpose. 25

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Industrial radiography equipment Requirements for gamma radiography sources and containers Responsibilities of the Licensee Requirements for electrically generated radiation sources Requirements for Pipeline Crawlers Requirements for underwater radiography 26

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Industrial radiography equipment Requirements for gamma radiography sources and containers Module 1 Responsibilities of the Licensee Requirements for sealed sources Leak testing of sealed sources Requirements for exposure containers Requirements for ancillary equipment and source changers 27

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Industrial radiography equipment Responsibilities of the Licensee Commissioning Protection in depth Shielded enclosures Classification of areas Decommissioning A radiography enclosure is an enclosed space engineered to provide protection in depth, against both routine and accidental exposure, during radiography procedures. 28

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Industrial radiography equipment Distance, shielding, beam collimation, etc Responsibilities of the Licensee Specific procedures for site radiography including warning signs, patrolling and monitoring the controlled area Preparations for site radiography Designation of a Controlled Area Site radiography shall be confined to a controlled area where specific protective measures and safety provision are rigidly enforced. 29

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Transport of Radioactive Sources Responsibilities of the Licensee The transport of radioactive sources shall comply with the IAEA Regulations for the Safe Transport of Radioactive Materials, or equivalent national regulations. Approved packaging (containment) shall be used and the manufacturer’s instructions followed for preparation of source containers prior to transport. 30

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Accident Reporting Emergency Planning Responsibilities of the Licensee Where a safety assessment identifies that an accident is likely to affect workers or members of the public, the Licensee shall prepare emergency plans that are designed to ensure the protection and safety of anyone who may be affected by the accident. 31

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Emergency Planning Initial safety assessment Development of emergency plans Emergency equipment Responsibilities of the Licensee Training Emergency exercises Periodic reviews of emergency plans 32

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 1 Accident Reporting Content of an accident report Responsibilities of the Licensee An essential part of this whole process is to learn from accident situations that do occur and to feed back the lessons learned so as to improve equipment, operating procedures and emergency plans. To this end, comprehensive accident reports are an invaluable aid. 33

Authorization

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Contents - Authorization Module 3. 4 • Main elements to be included in an application for authorization of an industrial radiography practice in accordance with legal requirements. • Assessment of the application by the regulator based on established criteria by legislation / regulation and / or Regulatory Body. • Establishing and use of internal procedure for consistent assessment of the application by the regulator. • Criteria for renewal, amendment and cancellation of license. • Content of the application (sample form). 35

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Main Elements of Application (cont) Module 3. 4 General information • the organization (legal person, organizational structure); • responsible representative of the legal person (contact); • personnel, qualified expert, radiation protection officer and users (qualifications, training and experience); • schedule for installation and/or commissioning of facilities and equipment; • signature and certification 36

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Main Elements of Application (cont) Module 3. 4 Sources and equipment - Technical information Details of: • • source containers; x-ray generators; accelerators. Details of radioactive sources in the possession of the applicant and planned source replacements 37

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Main Elements of Application (cont) Module 3. 4 Facilities - Technical information • • • location of the business; location of source storage areas; location of exposure facilities; layout of exposure facilities; safety assessments. 38

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 3. 4 Main Elements of Application (cont) Radiation Protection programme Technical information Example of an Authorization application form • organizational structure, records system; • workplace monitoring, area classification, individual monitoring; • local rules and supervision; • quality assurance; Example of a License certificate • transportation of radioactive sources; • emergency procedures; • transfer or disposal of radioactive sources. 39

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Criteria for License Validity Period Review and Assessment Application Validity Period e. g. License Issued Module 3. 4 General information: • source / equipment details; • facility plans and safety assessment; • radiation protection programme. 1 year Field Site X and gamma Pipeline crawler 2 years 3 years Fixed site gamma x-ray 40

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Revalidation of Licenses Module 3. 4 The advantage of requiring revalidation after a set time interval is that licensing details are kept more up to date. • If a license is issued without an expiry date, revalidation may involve a periodic review of their status and documentation of the review results. • However, an expiration date forces a review. 41

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Revalidation of Licenses (cont) Module 3. 4 In such instances, review and documentation normally take place as a part of the renewal process and forms the basis for the Regulatory Body amendments of the license, after checking against: • current regulatory requirements; • changes in the user's own requirements or additional provisions for radiation safety; and • the findings of the Regulatory Body's inspection programme 42

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Revalidation of Licenses (cont) Module 3. 4 Revalidation is a reminder to users that they have regulatory obligations to meet. This is particularly important in cases where on site inspections are infrequent because of limitations on the resources of the Regulatory Body. The frequency of revalidation is influenced by many factors, including the: • • frequency of inspection by the Regulatory Body; safety record within a practice; stability of the user's operation; and frequency of regulatory changes affecting the practice. 43

Authorization and Inspection of Radiation Sources in Industrial Radiography Module 3. 4 Suspension or Cancellation of Licenses • Enforcement is the action taken by the Regulatory Body to correct non-compliance with regulatory requirements. • Suspension of operations in whole or in part, or restriction of operations because of a record of poor performance or adverse safety conditions such that the Regulatory Body can no longer conclude that operations are likely to be safe and in compliance with applicable regulations. 44