Legionella control in the University of Sheffield Legionella
- Slides: 22
Legionella control in the University of Sheffield Legionella Awareness for Departmental representatives
What is Legionella? A naturally occurring bacterium Found in most water systems Often present in mains water Easily colonises most domestic water systems – hot and cold
Requirements for Growth? Optimum temperature range of 20 - 45 ⁰C Food source (other bacteria & sediments) Prefers stagnant conditions
Route of Infection? Primarily through inhalation of aerosols, fine droplets & mists Can be contracted by choking on contaminated water Statistically most susceptible - 50 to 70 year olds - Males - Smokers
How big a risk?
Legionnaire’s Disease Potentially fatal form of pneumonia – 5 -30% fatality rate 200 -300 cases of infection in England & Wales annually Incubation period 2 -10 days typically 3 -6 days Legionella pneumophila – 23 sub types HSE view Legionnaire's Disease as “preventable” assuming management
Legionnaire's Disease
Legislation The Health and Safety at Work etc Act 1974 Management of Health & Safety at Work Regulations 1999 COSHH 2002 ACOP L 8 (see front cover)
L 8 Guide to Successful Control Requires: �Management regime in place �Risk Assessments �Control regime �Maintenance and upgrade �Review
Risk Assessments should: �Identify & quantify relevant wet systems plus equipment holding / circulating water �Assess potential for Legionella growth �Identify who is at risk �Assess the potential for bacterial transfer �Quantify and prioritise the risks �Determine suitable means of control
Uo. S Responsibilities 1 �Statutory Duty Holder who is ultimately responsible – Registrar & Secretary �Appointed Responsible Person for day to day management – Director of Estates �Deputy Responsible Person to cover holidays and illness – Head of Engineering Operations �Responsibility cannot be delegated
Uo. S Responsibilities 2 �Policy for the Control of Legionella bacteria �Management structure in place with Contractors charged with carrying out: �Legionella Risk assessments of all buildings �Treatment of water assets where required �Sampling and analysis of water systems �Remedial works incl. removing “dead-legs” � 5 Zones - Engineers managing Contractors
Current Position �Current regime in place for > 2 years � 95% buildings assessed (some low risk o/s) �Current costs ~ £ 250, 000 pa �Monitoring of sample results on-line �Legionella Procedures Manual in place �Legionella Control Steering Group – 3 meetings per year chaired by Prof R F Jackson �Policy and Procedures on Safety Services website
Typical Systems at Risk �Cooling Towers �Domestic hot & cold water systems �Water features incl. ornamental fountains �Equipment producing aerosols, mists or droplets from stored water sources including showers & humidifiers �Equipment holding / circulating water at 20 - 45⁰ C
Examples of lab & workshop equipment Water tanks & baths Spray taps Water recirculation systems for cooling Rarely used taps & showers (even at home) Misting equipment Dentistry tools Oil / water emulsions for lubricating lathes Mobile AC equipment with water
Controlling Legionella bacteria Temperature monitoring Controlled release of water spray Avoid temp. conditions 20 - 45⁰ C Avoid water stagnation - empty & clean regularly Avoid materials which harbour bacteria Maintain cleanliness of spray outlets Water treatment where necessary Ensure correct & safe operation of system Flushing regime for rarely-used outlets
What Departments need to do - 1 �Identify a Nominated Person to help you manage Legionella risks in your Department �Identify & record all : �water-containing equipment which operates in the temperature range 20 -45⁰C �all rarely-used taps & showers �all equipment supplied from stored water sources producing sprays, mists or aerosols �Assess the risk of Legionella growth in each
What Departments need to do - 2 �Check Legionella Procedures Manual for information of the management of specific items of laboratory equipment �If your equipment is not listed, determine the best means of reducing Legionella risks – if needed, contact Department of Estates for help �Consider which treatment options are the most appropriate from the next slide
Treatment / remedial options �Monitor temperatures; 20 -45⁰C = risk range �Every 2 weeks - heat water to 60⁰C for 5 mins �Add disinfectants / Chloros as advised �Empty out the water system, thoroughly clean & refill with fresh water every month �Clean & disinfect spray heads every month �Flush rarely-used outlets weekly �Arrange with Estates for removal of “dead-legs” �Arrange with Estates for samples to be taken if risk exists (sampling is NOT a control measure – it takes 10 days for results to be sent through – it monitors whether your controls work)
Next step �Record all actions taken and results received. �Review the efficacy of the treatment regime by checking the results of analyses received �Re-assess the risk assessment if there any changes to the operating parameters or the system layout
Drinking water coolers � 2 types generally available: �Using large bottles of mineral water �Plumbed-in units �Legionella is not reported to be a problem with water bottle coolers, usually work outside “critical temperature range”, � 1 reported instance of Legionella bacteria being isolated from Activated Carbon filters in a plumbed-in unit in New Zealand – replace as recommended by manufacturer.
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