LEGAL TRANSLATION SPECIALISED TRANSLATION Characteristics Legal concepts Legal

LEGAL TRANSLATION SPECIALISED TRANSLATION Characteristics: • Legal concepts • Legal expressions in specific juridiction • Language culture dependent (difficult to find equivalents) • Latin and French expressions: Habeas corpus, de facto, modus vivendi

LEGAL TRANSLATION DOCUMENTS 1. Economic texts: agreements (import-export, subsidiary, corporate documents …) 2. Civil and criminal justice: • Contracts, Patent and trademark filings, Court and witness transcript, Depositions, Registration documents, Expert reports, Legal disclaimers, Affidavits, Reglations/laws, Confidentiality agreements, Legal certfications and statements, Gouvernment and legal ruling reports, letters of credits …; • Technical documents: litigation, arbitration documents, judgments, summons, legal proceedings, trusts, partnership deeds …

LEGAL TRANSLATION • Purpose: * Inform general public *Legally binding texts • Place: *Court registeries *Examining magistrate’s/ general attorney’s /public prosecutor’s office *Law firms *Notary

LEGAL TRANSLATION • LEGAL TRANSLATOR-INTERPRETER: *Spain: Ministry of Foreign Affairs *France: Regional Court of Appeal *Germany: Regional Court *Algeria: Sworn Minsitry of Justice (stamp, certified) *UK: no legal sworn translation system *USA: no legal sworn translation system ATA: American Translators Association National Association of Judiciary Interpreters and Translators

LEGAL TRANSLATION • OBJECTIVES OF THE TRAINING: 1. Bilingual or trilingual 2. Legal Terminology (Latin…) 3. Experience in the legal system (SL & TL : Anglo -American law, Islamic law) 4. High level of research skills 5. Clarity and transparence

LEGAL TEXT q. Clarity and accuracy; q. Precise meaning and void of ambiguity; q. Traditional form and content

ELABORATION OF A LEGAL TEXT EXEMPLES v Shall : obligation / ﺍﻟﺰﺍﻡ . ﻳﺴﺘﺨﺪﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺴﺘﺄﺠﺮ ﺍﻟﻌﻘﺎﺭ ﻟﻠﻐﺮﺽ ﺍﻟﻤﺘﻔﻖ ﻋﻠﻴﻪ - Tenant shall use the premises for the permitted use. v. May: permission ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﻻ ﻳﺠﻮﺯ ﻟﻠﻤﺴﺘﺄﺠﺮ ﺗﺄﺠﻴﺮ ﺍﻟﺴﻜﻦ ﻟﻠﻐﻴﺮ - The tenant may not lease the premises to a third party

LEGAL TRANSLATION v Here: hereby, hereunder, hereof, herewith, hereinbefore, hereinafter, hereinabove … v. There: thereto, thereof, thereby, therewith, thereof, tehrein …etc v. Where: whereof, whereby, wherein, wherewith… etc

LEGAL TRANSLATION v. Synonyms: ﻣﺘﺮﺍﺩﻓﺎﺕ -Acknowledge and confess: ﻳﻘﺮ ﻭﻳﻌﺘﺮﻑ -Fraud and deceit: ﻏﺶ ﻭﺧﺪﺍﻉ -Null and void: ﻻﻍ ﻭﺑﺎﻃﻞ -Safe and sound: ﻣﺄﻤﻮﻥ ﻭﺳﻠﻴﻢ -Each and every: ﻛﻞ -Free and clear of: ﺧﺎﻝ ﻣﻦ -Made and signed: ﺣﺮﺭ ﻭﺃﺒﺮﻡ

LEGAL TRANSLATION v Pronouns: ﺿﻤﺎﺋﺮ v Latin and French Expressions: - à terme de sa vie: ﻣﺪﺓ ﺣﻴﺎﺗﻪ - addendum, appendix: ﻣﻠﺤﻖ - in flagrante delicto: ﻓﻲ ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻠﺒﺲ - Habeas corpus: ﺇﺣﻀﺎﺭ ﺃﻤﺎﻡ ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻜﻤﺔ - De facto: ﻭﺍﻗﻌﻲ - Ne varietur: ﻏﻴﺮ ﻗﺎﺑﻞ ﻟﻠﺮﺟﻮﻉ - Quorum: ﻧﺼﺎﺏ - In abstancia: ﻏﻴﺎﺑﻴﺎ - Per annum: ﺳﻨﻮﻳﺎ