Lecture 7 Urogenital System Copyright 2013 Wolters Kluwer

Lecture 7: Urogenital System Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Intermediate Mesoderm Forms Much of the Urogenital System Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Mesoderm in the Chick Embryo Paraxial mesoderm (somite) Intermediate mesoderm Lateral plate mesoderm Body cavity Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

3 Kidney Systems 4. 5 weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Intermediate Mesoderm Forms the Urogenital Ridge (red box) 5 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

The Ureteric Bud Forms as an Outgrowth from the Mesonephric Duct 5. 5 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Collecting System Forms from the Ureteric Bud 6 -7 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

The Ureteric Bud Induces the Metanephric Blastema to Form Filtration Units Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Molecular Regulation of Kidney Development Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Kidneys Develop in the Pelvic Region Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Ascent of the Kidneys Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Pelvic and Horseshoe Kidneys Ureter Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Polycystic Kidney Recessive form: 1: 5000; cysts from collecting tubules; renal failure in infancy Dominant form: 1: 500 -1000: cysts from anywhere; renal failure in adulthood Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Duplications of the Ureters Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Bladder Development Proctodeum 6 Weeks 7 Weeks 8 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Bladder Development: Incorporation of the Mesonephric Duct Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Possible Positions for Ectopic Ureters Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Final Position of the Ureters and Mesonephric Duct (Vas Deferens) Ejaculatory duct Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Urorectal Septal Defects and Imperforate Anus Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Urachal Abnormalities Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Relationship of the Genital Ridge to the Mesonephric System Cut Line Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Migration of the Germ Cells 4 Weeks (early) 6 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Relationship of Germ Cells to the Epithelium of the Genital Ridge 6 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Formation of the Seminiferous Tubules 8 weeks 16 weeks Sertoli cells: derived from epithelium; serve as nurse cells for sperm and produce antimüllerian hormone (AMH; also called müllerian-inhibiting substance [MIS]) Interstitial cells (of Leydig): derived from mesenchyme of genital ridge; secrete testosterone (mesonephric ducts, tubules, etc. ; dihydrotestosterone, external genitalia) Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Male Tubules and Ducts 16 Weeks 9 Months Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Formation of Primary Oocytes and Follicular Cells 7 Weeks 20 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Derivatives of the Paramesonephric Ducts 9 Months 8 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Growth of the Urogenital Ridge Produces Fusion between the Paramesonephric Ducts Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Formation of the Ovarian Ligaments Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Induction of the Vagina by the Paramesonephric Ducts 9 Weeks 12 Weeks Newborn Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Vaginal Development Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Uterine Abnormalities Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Testis and Ovary Development Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Genetic Signals: Male vs. Female Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

External Genitalia: Indifferent Stage 6 Weeks 4 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Penis and Scrotal Development 10 Weeks Newborn Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Male 8 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Male 12 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Hypospadias Glandular Hypospadius Urethral and Glandular Hypospadias Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Female 11 Weeks Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Female External Genitalia 6 Weeks 5 Months Newborn Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Female Pseudohermaphrodism (Adrenogenital Syndrome) Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Androgen Insensitivity Syndrome (Testicular Feminization) Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Signals for Sexual Differentiation SRY –SRY, +WNT 4 Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Descent of the Testes 8 Weeks 28 Weeks 19 Weeks Newborn Cryptorchidism: Failure of the testes to reach the scrotal sac (3% of newborns) Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Layers Covering the Testis Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Indirect Inguinal Hernias and Hydroceles Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins

Remnants of the Mesonephric Duct in Females Copyright © 2013 Wolters Kluwer Health | Lippincott Williams & Wilkins