LECTURE 7 PIPING DRAFTING DRAWING Prepared by Nor

LECTURE 7: PIPING DRAFTING & DRAWING Prepared by: Nor Helya Iman Bt. Kamaludin helya@unimap. edu. my PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 1

Industrial Process Piping Industrial process piping involves the used of piping to transport fluids between storage tanks and processing equipment. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 2

Types of Piping Plumbing Civil Piping Transportation Piping PVC Pipes Infrastructure Pipes Fuel Pipes PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 3

Uses of Industrial Piping Water Natural gas Electric power Specialty items like paper pulp or liquid foods Sewer Storm drains And more… PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 4

Pipe Drafting Pipe drafting utilizes many different types of drawings: Flow diagrams Structural and site plans Mechanical and instrumentation drawings Pipe can be drawn in two forms: double line & single line. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 5

Facts about Pipe Drafting Most common & complex type of pipe drawing are plans and sections that show building outlines. Equipment shown on piping plans and section drawings are drawn as outlines to illustrate clearances and access. Piping drawings are normally dimensioned in an architectural style. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 6

Facts about Pipe Drafting Single-line Drawings (time saving method) Double-line Drawings (easiest to interpret) The centerline is used to represent the pipe Used extensively by equipment manufacturers Standard pipe symbols are used Used to portray large diameter pipe Pipe & fittings are drawn as heavy lines PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 7

Pipe Drawing Piping drawings show the size and valves. A set of symbols has been developed to identify these features on drawings. the size and location of pipes, fittings, and valves location of pipes, fittings Using scale drawing, it provides plan, elevation and section views. All equipment, fittings, dimensions and notes are shown on this type of drawing. The two types of projection used in plumbing and piping diagrams are projection orthographic and isometric (pictorial). PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 8

ORTHOGRAPHIC PLUMBING PIPE DRAWINGS An orthographic drawing that shows all of the pipe and fittings needed to assemble a segment of piping Drafters usually use single-line drawings to shows the arrangement of pipes and fittings. Orthographic pipe drawings can be: - single-line drawings: the centerline which represent the pipe is drawn as a thick line and add valves and fittings, OR - double- line drawings: need to draw each valve and fitting that are required in piping system PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 9

ORTHOGRAPHIC PLUMBING PIPE DRAWINGS (CONT’D) Double-line drawings are generally used in applications, such as catalogs, where visual appearance is more important than drawing time (require more time to draw) Orthographic pipe drawings are sometimes used on more complicated piping systems. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 10

ORTHOGRAPHIC PLUMBING PIPE DRAWINGS (CONT’D) Double-line orthographic drawing Single-line orthographic drawing PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 11

ISOMETRIC (PICTORIAL) PLUMBING PIPE DRAWING Isometric pipe drawings use to draw for all pipes bend in more than one plane Apply either the single-line or double line method. The finished drawings are easier to understand in pictorial format than as orthographic line drawings. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 12

ISOMETRIC (PICTORIAL) PLUMBING PIPE DRAWING (CONT’D) Single-line isometric pipe drawing Double-line isometric pipe drawing PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 13

CONNECTION Draftsman normally will use a general note or specification to describe the type of connection. The specification, a general note, or bill of material will list the types of connections such as flanges, unions, or couplings and whether the fittings are flanged or threaded. Permanent connections, whether made by welding or other processes such as gluing or soldering, should be shown on the drawing by a heavy dot. Detachable connections are shown by a single thick line. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 14

Connection Permanent and detachable connections PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 15

FITTINGS Sometimes standard symbols for fittings like tees, elbows, crossings, and so forth, are not shown on drawings. Use the circular symbol for a tee or elbow when it is necessary to show piping coming toward or moving away from the viewer. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics Indicating the ends of pipe fittings 16

Types of Pipe Cast Iron Steel Copper & Copper Alloys Plastic Clay Glass Wood Steel Tubing PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 17

Plumbing fittings PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 18

Common pipe line symbols PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 19

Common piping symbols PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 20

Common plumbing symbols PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 21

Valves Because of the variety of the types of systems, fluids, and environments in which valves must operate, a vast array of valve types have been developed. Examples of the common types are the globe valve, gate valve, ball valve, plug valve, butterfly valve, diaphragm valve, check valve, pinch valve, and safety valve. Each type of valve has been designed to meet specific needs. Some valves are capable of throttling flow, other valve types can only stop flow, others work well in corrosive systems, and others handle high pressure fluids. All valves have the same basic component and function to control flow. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 22

Gate Valves A gate valve is a linear motion valve used to start or stop fluid flow; However, it does not regulate or throttle flow. The name gate is derived from the appearance of the disk in the flow stream. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 23

Globe valve A globe valve is a linear motion valve used to stop, start, and regulate fluid flow. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 24

Butterfly valve A butterfly valve is a rotary motionvalve that is used to start, stop, and regulate fluid flow. Butterfly valves are easily and quickly operated because a 90 o rotation of the handle moves the disk from a fully closed to fully opened position. Larger butterfly valves are actuated by handwheels connected to the stem through gears that provide mechanical advantage at the expense of speed. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 25

Check valves are designed to prevent the reversal of flow in a piping system. These valves are activated by the flowing material in the pipeline. The pressure of the fluid passing through the system opens the valve, while any reversal of flow will close the valve. Closure is accomplished by the weight of the check mechanism, by back pressure, by a spring, or by a combination of these means. The general types of check valves are swing, tilting-disk, piston, butterfly, and stop. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 26

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Relief Valve Relief valves are typically used for incompressible fluids such as water or oil. Safety valves can often be distinguished by the presence of an external lever at the top of the valve body, which is used as an operational check. Safety valves are typically used for compressible fluids such as steam or other gases. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 28

Models of Pipe Layouts Models are often used to illustrate and troubleshoot the layout of a piping system The advantage is the ability to see clearances and interferences Operators can be trained on the piping system using a model. Today 3 -D CAD models are being utilized. PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 29

Example of pipe layout model PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 30

THE END… THANK YOU PTT 105: Engineering Graphics 31