Lecture 5 The Brain Nervous System neurons CNS

Lecture 5: The Brain

Nervous System (neurons) CNS n Central Nervous System Brain + Spinal cord PNS n Peripheral Nervous System (All nerves that reach your extremities).

The BRAIN

The brain. . n The brain is divided into two halves called hemispheres, which communicate with each other through the Corpus Callosum (A bundle of nerve fibers).

Brain structures n n n n n Cerebral Cortex Cerebellum Brain Stem Hypothalamus Thalamus Limbic System Hippocampus Basal Ganglia Midbrain

Brain structure/function Cerebral Cortex Thought n Voluntary movement n Language n Reasoning n Perception n

Brain structure/function Cerebellum Movement n Balance n Posture n

Brain structure/function Brain Stem Breathing n Heart rate n Blood pressure n

Brain structure/function Hypothalamus Body temp. n Emotions n Hunger n Thirst n Circadian rhythms n

Brain structure/function Thalamus n Sensory motor integration

Brain structure/function Limbic System n Emotional behavior

Brain structure/function Hippocampus Learning n Memory n

Brain structure/function Basal Ganglia n Movement coordination

Brain structure/function Midbrain Vision n Audition n Eye movement n Body movement n Posture n

n The average brain weighs about 1, 400 gr (3 lb). . n Each hemispheres of the Cerebral Cortex is divided into four lobes.

n Grooves and bumps on the brain surface are called Sulci and Gyri. n The folding of the Cerebral Cortex increases the amounts of Cerebral Cortex that can fit in the skull.

http: //faculty. washington. edu/chudler/lobe. html

Occipital lobe n Located in the back of the brain, behind the parietal lobe and the temporal lobe. n Concerned with many aspects of vision.

Frontal lobe n Located in the front of the central sulcus n Concerned with reasoning, planning, parts of speech and movement, emotions and problem solving.

Temporal lobe n Located below the lateral fissure n Concerned with perception and recognition of auditory stimuli (hearing) and memory.

Parietal lobe n Located behind the central sulcus n Concerned with perception of stimuli related to touch, pressure, temperature and pain.

Alzheimer’s

Alzheimer’s