Lecture 4 about Dr Annette M Boeckler Chanukka

Lecture 4 about … Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

… about Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut Tisha B’Av Yom Ha. Shoah Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

With Megillah Reading Purim Esther (Megillah) Modern with Rituals in progress Yom Ha’Atzmaut Al hanissim Chanukkah Local Shoah Memorials Tisha B’Av Echa Al hanissim S Minor Fasts because of Temple Al hanissim Weekday Service with small insertion D TE R O t o Kin Yom Ha. Shoah [ve. Ha. Gevurah] 17 Tammuz (Shivah-Asar b’Tammuz) 3 Tishri (Tzom Gedaliah) 10 Tevet (Asarah b’Tevet) Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

With Megillah Reading Purim Esther (Megillah) Modern with Rituals in progress (Haggadah, Megillah, etc) Yom Ha’Atzmaut Al hanissim Chanukkah Minor Fasts because of Temple Al hanissim Weekday Service with small insertion Local Shoah Memorials Tisha B’Av Echa Yom Ha. Shoah [ve. Ha. Gevurah] R O JIZK Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut v Bible (Er werden brieven gestuurd naar alle Joden … daarin werd de viering van Poeriem op de vastgestelde tijd verplicht gesteld… Ester 9: 30 -31. ) v Mishna (The Megillah is read … Mishna Megillah 1, 1) v Halacha (listen to the Megillah at night and to repeat it during the day (Shulchan Aruch 687 -1). … Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

AR D CALEN Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut SHABBAT SACHOR (Maftir: Dtn 25: 17 -19 Remember to not remember Amalek! and special Haftarah. ) Ta’anit Ester PURIM Shuschan Purim (Purim in Jerusalem and other cities that had walls at the time of Jehoshua SHABBAT PARA (Maftir: Num 19: 1 -11, purification with ashes of red cow after contact with corpses. ) Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

hodot e L v o T Seder Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut AND WE? • Seder Tov Lehodot p. 120. • • • (inleidende Teksten en bloemlezingen) NORMAL SERVICE BUT … p. 146 bottom. Al hanisim p. 162 – 164 Note: “Op Chanoeka”, “Op Poerim”, “Op Jom Haätsmaoet“. Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim thin Yom Ha’Atzmaut Do you want to celebrate Purim ? k ! v. In de burcht van Sjoesjan doodden ze niet minder dan vijfhonderd man. (Ester 9: 5) … v. Ook de andere Joden, elders in de provincies van het koninkrijk, hadden zich aaneengesloten en hun leven verdedigd. Op de dertiende dag van de maand adar verzekerden zij zich van rust door 75. 000 van hun belagers te doden; . . (Ester 9: 16: 17). Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim thin Classical Reform Judaism Yom Ha’Atzmaut 19 th k ! century: reject Purim: reject revenge. and unworthy style of service. know, that Ester is a fairy tale. Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut v. Customs Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut Ø rabbinic (Wat is Chanoeka? Onze wijzen hebben geleerd: Chanoeka begint op 25 kislev en duurt acht dagen. … Immers, toen de Grieken de Tempel binnendrongen, ontheiligden zij alle olie daar voorradig was … Maar een wonder gebeurde: toen de Menora ermee werd aangestocken, bleef zij acht dagen lang branden. Het jaar daarop werden deze dagen uitgeroepen tot feestdagen waarop Halél. . . worden gewegd. Bab. Talmud Shabbat 21 b – 23 a (quoted from Seder Tov Lehodot p. 401) Ø hellenistic (An Joudas, his brothers and the whole assembly of Israel established that the days of the rededication of the altar would be commemorated in their times, year by year, eigth days from the twenty-fifth of the month Chaseleu, with gladness and joy. – 1 Makkabees 4: 59, quoted from: A New English Translation of the Septuagint, Oxford University Press 2007. ) Cf. Seder Tov Lehodot p. 405. Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Øhellenistic Yom Ha’Atsmaut Makkabees Chanukka is a postponed Sukkot (Temple dedication) "They celebrated it (Chanukka) for eight days with gladness like Sukkot and recalled how a little while before, during Sukkot they had been wandering in the mountains and caverns like wild animals. So carrying lulavs [palm branches waved on Sukkot]. . . they offered hymns of praise to God who had brought to pass the purification of his own place. They decreed by public ordinance and by vote that the whole nation of the Judeans should observe these days every year. " (II Maccabees 10: 6 -8). Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atsmaut HALLEL Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atsmaut SUMMARY MESSAGE: We were in danger, we survived, let’s celebrate. LITURGY: Normal Weekday service, but Insert al hanisim in Amida and Birkat ha. Mazon and Hallel after Megillah Amida (but before Kaddish Titkabbal) In some Dutch congregations: Hallel with Berachot and Psalms like 122 and 125, additional texts in the service, cf. Tov Lehodot Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut 1948 q Introduced as Israel Independence Day commemorating its Declaration of Independence. q 5 Iyar (if not Shabbat) q Declaration of Independence by David ben Gurion in Tel Aviv on May 14 th, 1948 (5. Iyar 5708) q Preceded by Yom Ha. Sikkaron, the Israel fallen soldiers Remembrance Day ( )יום הזכרון לחללי מערכות ישראל ולנפגעי פעולות האיבה Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut An official ceremony is held every year on Mount Herzl, Jerusalem on the evening of Yom Ha'atzmaut. The ceremony includes a speech by the speaker of the Knesset, a dramatic presentation, a ritual march of soldiers carrying the Flag of Israel, forming elaborate structures (such as a Menorah, Magen David and a number which represents the age of Israel) and the lighting of twelve torches (one for each of the Tribes of Israel). Every year a dozen Israeli citizens, who made a significant social contribution in a selected area, are invited to light the torches. Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Shall this day impact our prayers? Is it a day like Chanukkah and Purim? q. The Conservative Movement and the Israeli Reform Movement instituted the inclusion of a version of Al Hanisim. Yom Ha’Atzmaut Is it a day like Pesach ? q. Haggadah for Israel Independence Day q. The Reform Movement suggests the inclusion of Ya'leh V'yavo. q. The Chief Rabbinate along with other religious authorities have declared that Yom Ha'atzmaut is one of the Jewish holidays in which Hallel should be said. q. The conservative movement instituted the reading of a Torah portion for the day. q. Some places also read the haftarah Isaiah 10: 32 -12: 6, which is also read on the last day of Pesach. Is it no special day? Or a fast day? q. Most Hasidim and Haredim make no changes to the usual daily prayers. q. Members of the Satmar, Toldos Aaron, Toldos Avraham Yitzchak, Munkatch, and Vizhnitz-Monsey Chasidic sects fast to atone for what they view as the sin of having created the State. Dr. of. Annette Israel. M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut And we ? q Seder Tov Lehodot p. 120 qp. 468 -489 Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Yerushalayim • 1967 (1968 new holiday; 1998 national holiday) • Commemorates the reunification of Jerusalem and establishment of Israeli control over the old city. • 28 th of Iyyar (June 7 th, 1967) • The day on which Jerusalem became unified. • marked by state ceremonies, memorial services for soldiers, parades through downtown Jerusalem, reciting the Hallel prayer in synagogues (sometimes also a version of Al ha. Nissim), lectures on Jerusalem-related topics, etc. Seder Yom Yerushalyim Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Chanukkah Purim Yom Ha’Atzmaut Yom Yerushalayim Summary § Celebrations of Survival and Miracles § Not Chagim, but special days § THINK: Is Yom Ha’Atzmaut a religious event? What’s the message when we put it next to Chanukkah/Purim or Pessach? Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

9 th of Av / Tisha B’Av Tisha B'Av is the saddest day on the Jewish calendar because of the incredible series of tragedies which occurred on that date throughout Jewish History Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

9 th of Av / Tisha B’Av • On the 9 th of Av: 1. it was decreed that the generation of the desert would not enter the land of Israel (after scout’s report, Num 14: 29 -38) 2. The First Temple [build by Salomon] was destroyed [by Babylonians] (586 B. C. E) 3. The Second Temple was destroyed [by Romans] (70 C. E. ) 4. Betar, the last Jewish stronghold after the destruction of Jerusalem was conquered [in the Bar kochbar Revolt] 5. and Jerusalem was plowed under (136 C. E. ) (Mishna Taanit 4: 6) Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

9 th of Av / Tisha B’Av • Further happened on the 9 th of Av: – 1290 Kind Edward I issued the edict expelling all Jews from England – 1492 King Ferdinand set Tisha be. Av as the final date by which all Jews would be expelled from Spain – 1942 On the eve of Tisha B'Av, the mass deportation began of Jews from the Warsaw Ghetto, en route to Treblinka Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

AR D CALEN Tisha B’Av Temple Desert Begin of Babylonian occupation of Jerusalem 10 th of Tevet Walls of Jerusalem 17 th of Tammuz were bleached Telata depuranuta (three Haftarot of admonition, last one on Shabbat Chazon. Destruction of 9 th of Av Temple Shabbat Nachamu 7 Haftarot of comfort, leading to Rosh ha. Shana 10 days of teshuvah with 3 rd of Assassination Tishri Zom Gedalia leading to of Gedalia Yom Kippur Yamim Noraim till Hoshana Messianic hope Rabba/end of Sukkot Tablet were broken after golden calf Decree generation of desert will not enter the land after scouts New Tablets were given New Cycle of Torah Reading starts Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

9 th of Av / Tisha B’Av Tisha B'Av is a fast day similar to Yom Kippur. Fast lasts about 25 hours, beginning at sunset on the eve of Tisha B'Av and ending at nightfall the next day No eating or drinking No washing or bathing No application of creams or oils No wearing of leather shoes No sexual relations. sitting on low stools or on the floor No Torah study or other pleasant activity Reading of Echa and Kinot No Synagogue decorations Note: Those who are ill may eat and drink, in contrast to Yom Kippur, when eating and drinking is allowed only in cases of life-threatening need. Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

9 th of Av / Tisha B’Av Tisha B'Av is a fast day similar to Yom Kippur. Idea behind the day: Because of Israel’s sin the temple was destroyed. TH INK ! Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

9 th of Av / Tisha B’Av It was because of bas eles s ha 'Kamtza and Bar-Kamtza' that Yerushalayim was destroyed …“ (Gittin 55 -56) ח י נ ם ש נ את Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah) tred

9 th of Av / Tisha B’Av Liberal Judaism: Classical Position: Day is not observed Nobody mourns the loss of the Temple In recent years: Memorial Day for Jewish catastrophes, among them the Shoah. Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Seder ot ehod L v o T 9 th of Av / Tisha B’Av AND WE ? p. 120 (inleidende teksten en bloemlezingen) p. 490 - 503 Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Yom Ha. Shoah יום הזיכרון לשואה והגבורה 1951 • Knesset introduced a Holocaust Remembrance Day • 27 th of Nissan • End of Warsaw Ghetto uprising (2 nd May 1943) (the original idea was to take the 14 th of Nissan, the beginning of the Ghetto uprising, but as this is Pesach, this day could not be chosen. ) • Memorial not only of victims but of resistance (Yom ha. Shoah veha. Gevurah) • In Israel: Memorial prayers, silence Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

es u s l Is L ca i g r itu Yom Ha. Shoah § Megillat Ha. Shoah (The Shoah Scroll) [Conservative Judaism U. S. /Masorti Israel] parallel to 5 Megillot § Sefer Ha. Shoah [Mouvement Juif Liberal de France] - based on the form of the Haggadah § Night words: A Midrash on the holocaust [B’nai B’rith Hillel Foundations] - completely new litugical form § A Service For Remembering the Shoah - old form with special readings/rituals Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Yom Ha. Shoah Alternative suggestions: Shoah Commemoration should take place On 9 th of Av (but is Shoah just one of many other calamities? Is it related to sin as 9 th of Av traditionally is? ) On 10 th of Tevet (made to become a general Kaddish Day for victims of Shoah) … Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

ot d o h e ov L T Seder Yom Ha. Shoah AND WE? p. 120 p. 418 – 442 (inleidende Teksten en bloemlezingen) p. 442 – 448 Herdenking / Memorial Service “en 4 -Mei” Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

Yom Ha. Shoah Yom Ha’Atzmaut Recent events in progress of having an impact on the liturgy. At the moment many different possibilities. THINK: How much impact shall these events have? Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

With Megillah Reading Purim Esther (Megillah) Modern with Rituals in progress (Haggadah, Megillah, etc) Al hanissim Chanukkah Minor Fasts because of Temple Al hanissim Weekday Service with small insertion Local Shoah Memorials Tisha B’Av Echa Yom Ha’Atzmaut Yom Ha. Shoah [ve. Ha. Gevurah] 10 Tevet (Asarah b’Tevet) Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah) R O JIZK

Purim Esther (Megillah) Modern with Rituals in progress (Haggadah, Megillah, etc) Local Shoah Memorials Tisha B’Av Echa Yom Ha’Atzmaut Yom Yerushalayim Kinot With Megillah Reading Al hanissim Chanukkah Minor Fasts because of Temple Al hanissim Weekday Service with small insertion Yom Ha. Shoah [ve. Ha. Gevurah] 17 Tammuz (Shivah-Asar b’Tammuz) 3 Tishri (Tzom Gedaliah) 10 Tevet (Asarah b’Tevet) Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)

With Megillah Reading Purim Esther (Megillah) Modern with Rituals in progress (Haggadah, Megillah, etc) Local Shoah Memorials Tisha B’Av Echa Yom Ha’Atzmaut Yom Yerushalayim Kinot Chanukkah Minor Fasts because of Temple Al hanissim E Al hanissim TH Weekday Service with small insertion D N E Yom Ha. Shoah [ve. Ha. Gevurah] 17 Tammuz (Shivah-Asar b’Tammuz) 3 Tishri (Tzom Gedaliah) 10 Tevet (Asarah b’Tevet) Dr. Annette M. Boeckler (Chanukka, Purim, Yom Ha’Atzmaut, Tisha B’Av, Yom Ha. Shoah)