Lecture 2 Axilla Shoulder Brachial Plexus Axilla Anterior

Lecture 2 Axilla, Shoulder, Brachial Plexus

Axilla

Anterior Axillary Border

Shoulder Motions

Pectoralis Major

Pectoralis Minor

Deltoid Region

Deltoid

Anterior Deltoid Middle Deltoid Pectoralis Major

Posterior Deltoid

Posterior Axillary Border

Latissimus Dorsi

Latissimus Dorsi Thoracolumbar Fascia

Triangle of Auscultation

Teres Major

Teres Major (anterior)

Reverse Action u u With the reversal of muscle action, the contraction of muscle moves the proximal attachment (origin) In a seated transfer, the arms are stable and the body is lifted

Rotator Cuff Muscles

Supraspinatus

Infraspinatus

Teres Minor

Supraspinatus Infraspinatus Teres Minor

Subscapularis

Normal Rotator Cuff

Torn Rotator Cuff

Nervous System Introduction u Central nervous system (CNS) is the brain and spinal cord u Peripheral u The CNS integrates the outgoing and incoming nerve impulse signals nervous system (PNS) consists of the nerves located outside CNS PNS carries the motor impulses away from, or the sensory impulses back toward spinal cord and brain

Spinal Cord Dorsal White matter Dorsal horn Dorsal root ganglion Grey matter Spinal nerve Ventral horn Ventral

Spinal Nerve u u u u Dorsal (posterior) rootlets- sensory axons Ventral (anterior) rootlets- motor axons Cell bodies- motor, sensory, autonomic Spinal nerve (called the nerve root) Ventral (anterior primary) ramus Dorsal (posterior primary) ramus Plexus is a network of spinal nerves Each pair of spinal nerves is numbered

Typical Spinal Nerve

Nerve Root Numbering

Plexuses Cervical (C 1 -C 5) Brachial (C 5 -T 1) Lumbar (L 1 -L 5) Sacral

Brachial Plexus Rami u Ventral rami of C 5, 6, 7, 8, T 1 u Located between anterior and middle scalene muscles

Brachial Plexus, Subclavian a.

. . N Pe c ap sc A. D. Musculocutaneous n. Lat. Cord Upper Trunk C 6 La t. ra Su p C 5 Do rs al Sc ap N. Brachial Plexus Branches Radial n. Post. Cord C 7 Middle Trunk C 8 . D P. 1 2 3 Axillary n. Median n. Med. Cord Lower Trunk T 1 Long Thoracic N. a 1 Upper Subscap n. 2 Thoracodorsal n. 3 Lower Subscap n. b c Ulnar n. a Medial Pec. n. b Medial Brachial Cutaneous n. c Medial Antebrachial Cutaneous n.