Lecture 12 Other Animal Tissues Types of animal

Lecture 12: Other Animal Tissues Types of animal tissues 4) Nervous tissue 1) Epithelial tissue ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻄﻼﺋﻲ 2) Connective tissue 3) Muscular tissue ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﺞ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﻲ ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻡ 1) Proper a) Loose c) Fibrous b) Adipose 2) Skeletal 3) Blood b) Cartilage a) Bone b) Cardiac a) Skeletal c) Smooth

2 - Skeletal Connective Tissues ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻀﺎﻣﺔ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ A- Bone ﺍﻟﻌﻈﻢ Produces solid matrix of calcium phosphate and collagen fibers. Each osteon ﻣﺤﺎﻓﻆ ﻋﻈﻤﻴﺔ (Haversian systems) has a central canal containing blood vessels and nerves. Bone is harder than cartilage. The functions of bone are support, movement, organs, protection mineral of storage internal (calcium, phosphate) and blood cell development.

B- Cartilage ﺍﻟﻐﻀﺮﻭﻑ Support soft tissues (nose, ear, trachea and vertebral discs). Sliding areas for joints, facilitate bone movements. The mature cell in cartilage is a chondrocyte ﺧﻠﻴﺔ ﻏﻀﺮﻭﻓﻴﺔ Cells are found in Lacunae ( ﻓﺠﻮﺍﺕ )ﺛﻐﻮﺭ within the matrix. Fibers may be elastic or non-elastic

3 - Blood (Vascular Tissue) ( ﺍﻟﺪﻡ )ﺍﻟﻨﺴﻴﺞ ﺍﻟﻮﻋﺎﺋﻲ The matrix is a liquid called plasma (55%): v 90% water v 10% proteins, hormones, vitamins, nutrients etc. There are three types of blood cells (45%). Blood cells Functions 1 - Erythrocytes (Red Blood Cells) Carry oxygen 2 - Leucocytes (White Blood Cells) Defense against microbe 3 - Platelets: blood clotting

Third: Muscular tissues ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻠﻴﺔ Characterized by ﺗﺘﻤﻴﺰ ﺑﻤﺎ ﻳﻠﻲ 1. Tissue with cells having muscle fibers ﺃﻠﻴﺎﻑ ﻋﻀﻠﻴﺔ specialized for contraction ﺍﻻﻧﻘﺒﺎﺽ. 2. It has large numbers of myofibrils ﻳﻔﺎﺕ ﻋﻀﻠﻴﺔ made of the contractile proteins actin ﺍﻷﻜﺘﻴﻦ and myosin ﺍﻟﻤﻴﻮﺳﻴﻦ

Types of Muscular Tissues There are three types of muscular tissues in the vertebrate body. 1 - Skeletal Muscles ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻬﻴﻜﻠﻴﺔ § It attaches to bones by tendons ﺍﻷﻮﺗﺎﺭ § Responsible for voluntary movements ﺍﻟﺤﺮﻛﺎﺕ ﺍﻹﺭﺍﺩﻳﺔ § Also called striated muscles ﻋﻀﻼﺕ ﻣﺨﻄﻄﺔ 2 - Cardiac muscles ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻘﻠﺒﻴﺔ § It is found in the wall of the heart. § Cardiac muscles are branched. § Intercalated disc ﺍﻷﻘﺮﺍﺹ ﺍﻟﺒﻴﻨﻴﺔ 3 - Smooth muscles ﺍﻟﻌﻀﻼﺕ ﺍﻟﻤﻠﺴﺎﺀ § No striations. § It is found in the walls of the digestive system, urinary bladder, arteries, and other internal organs. § The shape of the cells are spindle-shaped ﺍﻟﺸﻜﻞ ﺍﻟﻤﻐﺰﻟﻲ

Fourth: Nervous tissues ﺍﻷﻨﺴﺠﺔ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ Nervous tissue is the main component of the nervous system. The functional unit of nervous tissue is the neuron ﺍﻟﻨﻴﻮﺭﻭﻥ , or nerve cell. It consists of three parts: a cell body ﺟﺴﻢ ﺍﻟﺨﻠﻴﺔ , a single axon ﺍﻟﻤﺤﻮﺭ and dendrites ﺍﻟﺰﻭﺍﺋﺪ ﺍﻟﻌﺼﺒﻴﺔ Dendrites transmit nerve impulses from their tips toward the rest of the neuron. Axons transmit impulses toward another neuron, muscles or glands.