Lecture 11 Management and Planning Tools ME 2110

Lecture 11 Management and Planning Tools ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 1

Management & Planning Tools Help Plan and Organize Complex Group Activities 1) Affinity Diagram 2) Interrelationship Digraph 3) Tree Diagram 4) Prioritization Matrix 5) Matrix Diagram 6) Process Decision Program Chart (PDPC) 7) Activity Network Diagram ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 2

Management & Planning Tools Affinity Diagram (1) a Interrelationship Digraph (2) b c Tree Diagram (3) d abcde f gh 1 2 3 4 5 6 Prioritization Matrices (4) Matrix Diagram (5) ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 3

Affinity Diagram • Purpose: – Creative process (generate & organize ideas) • Start with: – What is the problem? • Then: – Brainstorm ideas • Then: – Gather ideas under affinity headings ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design Affinity Diagram (1) 4

Affinity Diagram Example • Reduce Data Entry Complexity (Selling, Leasing, Tracking Products) Improved Training Improved Hardware Error Prevention Optical Scanning System Problem Solving On-Line System at Customer Site Friendly Software Inlet Menu Driven Improve Prompts Improve Paperwork Outlet Display Only Critical Info. On Screen Voice Activated System Standardize completion Format Increase Size to Increase Legibility Train Clerical Sales and Customer Service Personnel Shorten 11 -Digit Product Code Color Code Forms by Product Group Automated Entry Forms Contain Only Non-Standard Customer information ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 5

Interrelationship Digraph • Purpose: – To show causality between items – To identify drivers and bottlenecks – Can be used to fill in roof of house of quality Interrelationship Digraph (2) • First: – Write down important factors • Then: – Draw arrows between items – From to indicates causality • Arrows – Most out arrows primary: driver – Most in arrows secondary: bottleneck ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 6

Interrelationship Digraph Example • Repeated service calls on a machine ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 7

Interrelationship Digraph Example • Repeated service calls on a machine Lack of Knowledge of Job by Subcontractor Interviewer Wrong Person Sent Repeat Service Calls Lack of Good People Lack of Trades Experience in Management Poor Matching of People Lack of Record of What Final Job is Lack of Clear Job Expectations by Subcontractor Lack of Knowledge of Matching People to Job Requirements Problematic Customer Unclear Customer Expectations Wrong Tools Lack of Info. on Job ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design Advertising Promises 8

Tree Diagram • Purpose: Tree Diagram (3) – Paths and tasks to accomplish primary goal and its related sub-goals • First: – List main what (goal) • Then: – List “Hows” (means) – These become goals (“Whats”) for next level • Continue until you get to assignable tasks ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 9

Tree Diagram Example • Reduce Data Entry Complexity Clerical Improved Training Reduce Data Entry Complexity Sales Customer Service Reps. Error Prevention Training Seq. Inspection Training Problem Solving Training Optical Scanning System On-Line System at Customer Site Increase Monitor Size Voice Actuated System Improved Hardware Automated Entry Friendly Software Input Improve Prompt Auto Check on Standard price Database Display Only Non-Standard Information on Screen Output Increase Size for Legibility Manual Entry Form Improve Paperwork Coding System Standardized Completion Format ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design Menu Driven Forms Contain only Non. Standard Information Color Code Form by Product Shorten Product Code More Obvious Difference Among product Groups Codes Train Clerical, Sales and Customer Service Personnel 10

Prioritization Matrix • Purpose: – To prioritize items: a b c Prioritization Matrices (4) • Prioritization against themselves • Prioritization against criteria • This allows you to focus limited resources ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design d 11

Prioritization Matrix (Coffee Example) A B C D Taste A X - + + Smell B + X + + Poisonous C - - X + Color D - - - X Temperature E - - + + 5. 6 SC 1 0. 8 SC 2 15. 2 20 SC 3 SC 4 E SR 1/ SC SR 2/ + SC SR 3/ SC SR 4/ SC SR 5/ X SC 10. 4 52 SC 5 SC + % 0. 2923 29. 23 0. 3846 38. 46 0. 1077 10. 77 0. 0154 1. 54 0. 2000 20. 00 Total 100. 00 + = 5, - = 1/5 ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 12

Matrix Diagram abcde f gh 1 2 3 4 5 6 • Purpose: – To show relations between two sets. Matrix Diagram (5) – To show strength of relations • Basic types – QFD – Job responsibilities ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 13

House of Quality ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 14

Matrix Diagram (Interview Example) Job Responsibilities Boss Organizer Staff person Travel D Pick Date O D Schedule D O Benefits Discussion O D Dinner O D Follow-Up O = Primary Responsibility, O = Secondary Responsibility D = Needs To Know ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 15

Relationship of MP Tools to QFD (3) Tree Diagram Requirements Flow Interrelationships Characteristics (What) Customer Requirements Prioritization Requirements (How) Product Characteristics (5) Matrix Diagram Relationships Competitive Assessment (1) Affinity Diagram (2) Interrelationship’s Digraph How Much (4) Prioritization Matrices Importance Target Values Importance Ratings ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 16

Use of M&P Tools for ME 2110 Design Project • Affinity Diagram to Organize Ideas for Each Problem (Improve Machine Repeatability, …) • Interrelationship Digraphs to Debug Machine (Loss of Power, Premature Triggering, …) • Tree Diagrams to Assign Tasks (Buy wood, Build frame, Program controller, …) • Prioritization Matrix to Create Task Timeline • Matrix Diagram to Ensure You are Addressing All Needs • Etc. ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 17

Summary • Management and planning tools allow you to: – Plan more formally (assign tasks) – Organize information – Deal with qualitative information – Show relations between items and issues Use Them!!! ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 18

ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 19

Phases of Design (Product Lifecycle) 1) Customer Requirements Understand the Problem 2) Specification Development Engineering Requirements 3) Conceptual Design 4) Detail Design 5) Specification of Production 6) Manufacture 7) Recycle ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 20

Phases of Design (Product Lifecycle) 1) Customer Requirements Understand the Problem 2) Specification Development Engineering Requirements 3) Conceptual Design 4) Detail Design 5) Specification of Production 6) Manufacture 7) Recycle ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 21

Functions & Sub-Functions Function SF 1 SF 2 SF 3 SF 11 SF 12 SF 13 SF 21 SF 22 SF 23 SF 31 SF 32 SF 33 (Function Tree)

Pole Vault Pole Specifications Specification For: A Pole Vault Pole Changes D/W Requirements D Shoot Idiot 3 -6 m into the air. D W W W D D Resp. Geometry Diameter between 1 -2 Length between 10'-17'6" Kinematics Damping ratio < 0. 1 Forces Bending Force Scalable Bending angle > 180 deg. Materials Moldable Durable Ductile Not temperature dependent Safety Will not fracture 99% stiffness after 5 k Bends ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design Source Standard Design Team Standard USHSF 23

ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 24

Phases of Design (Product Lifecycle) 1) Customer Requirements Understand the Problem 2) Specification Development Engineering Requirements 3) Conceptual Design 4) Detail Design 5) Specification of Production 6) Manufacture 7) Recycle ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 25

The Morphological Chart Going from concept to physical reality Store/ Acquire Power Transmit Power Brake on Target Move Mass Navigate to Target Gravity Car Hit by Trap Rolling Friction Mouse Traps Rip Cord Effect String Break Anchor Rolling Sliding Equal Size Wheels Larger Front Wheels Ramp Rubber Stopper . . . Projectile Launch ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design Catapult . . 26

First Level Evaluation Matrix Concept 1 Bunny 2 Snake 3 Cost D _ _ + Safety Gathering Ability A T U S _ + + + _ 3 2 0 + _ _ Criteria Robustness + S 4 5 Voodoo Spell Ease of _ S M Assembly 1 2 S+ S 1 3 Ss 3 0 + = better than datum; - = worse than datum; S = same as datum Compare +/- to a Standard ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 27

Second Level Evaluation Matrix Evaluate Criteria on a 1 -4 Scale ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 28

Third Level Evaluation Evaluate on a 1 -4 Scale, Then Apply Weighting Factor ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 29

Design Tools at Your Disposal 1) House of Quality 2) Function Trees 3) Function Tables 4) Specification Lists 5) Functional Variants 6) Solution Principle Matrices 7) Morphological Charts 8) Evaluation Matrices ME 2110: Creative Decisions and Design 30