Lecture 1 Selecting Between Transit Mode Alternatives This
Lecture 1: Selecting Between Transit Mode Alternatives This lecture was originally prepared by Dr. Kari Watkins, Georgia Institute of Technology; Dr. Jeff La. Mondia, Auburn University; and Candace Brakewood, Georgia Institute of Technology as part of the STRIDE project Developing a New Course for Public Transportation Education (2012 -029 S).
Module Outline o Modal Classification o Benefits of Public Transportation o Transit System Design and Operations o Context-specific Transit Choices Transit Planning, Design & Operations
What is “transit”? Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Familiar Forms of Transit Source: Willamor Media - http: //www. flickr. com/photos/bz 3 rk/3682041548/ Source: Chris Yunker, http: //www. flickr. com/photos/chris-yunker/2478436403/ Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Simple Answer: Collective Transportation But why do we have to travel collectively in urban spaces? Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Goal: To Maximize Space Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Same Modes, New Context Source: Willamor Media - http: //www. flickr. com/photos/bz 3 rk/3682041548/ Source: Chris Yunker, http: //www. flickr. com/photos/chris-yunker/2478436403/ Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Are These Transit, too? Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Transit Mode Definition 4 Basic Characteristics: • • Right-of-Way (ROW) System Technology Types of Service Organizational Oversight Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Characteristic 1: Right-of-way Street Transit ROW C Mixed Traffic Semi-rapid Transit ROW B Physically Separated Rapid Transit ROW A Fully controlled Speed of Vehicles Operating & Capital Costs Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Characteristic 2: System Technology Support: Vertical contact Guidance: Lateral control • Rubber tire on pavement • Steel wheel on rail • Vehicle on water, mag lev, etc. • Steered by driver • Guided by track Propulsion: Power system • Diesel engine • Electric motor • Hybrid • Magnetic forces, etc Control: Spacing • Manual/visual • Manual/signals • Automatic Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Characteristic 3: Types of Service Express Rapid Local Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight On-Demand Individuals On-Demand Group Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Characteristic 4: Organization Oversight Public Group Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Classification by Type of Usage Characteristic Private For-hire Public Designation Private Paratransit Transit Availability Owner Public Supplier User Carrier Route determination User (flexible) User (carrier) Carrier (fixed) Time-schedule determination User (flexible) User (carrier) Carrier (fixed) Cost-price User absorbs Fixed RATE Carrier type Individual Group Modes SOV Carpool Taxi Dial-a-ride Street transit Motorcycle Vanpool Rent Car Jitney Semirapid transit Bicycle Car Share Charter Rapid Transit Walking Bike Share Fixed FARE Specialized Adapted from Vuchic, 2007 Transit Planning, Design & Operations
4 Major Transit Families • Street Transit – – Right-of-Way (ROW) System Technology Types of Service Organizational Oversight • Semi-rapid Transit – – Right-of-Way (ROW) System Technology Types of Service Organizational Oversight • Rapid Transit – – Right-of-Way (ROW) System Technology Types of Service Organizational Oversight • Specialized Transit – – Right-of-Way (ROW) System Technology Types of Service Organizational Oversight Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Paratransit Modes • • Taxicabs Car Sharing Dial-a-ride Jitney / Publico Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Taxicabs NYC Taxis Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Car Sharing National Zipcars Program Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Dial-a-ride Dallas Area Regional Transit Source: Austin Cap. Metro Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Jitney / Publico Philippine Jeepney Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Street Transit Modes • • Regular Bus Express Bus Trolleybus Streetcars (trolleys) Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Regular Bus Hamburg Articulated Bus Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Express Bus GRT Xpress Bus Source: http: //www. xpressga. com/ Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Trolleybus Seattle Metro Transit Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Streetcar Atlanta Streetcar Source: http: //georgiatransitconnector. com/about/ Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Semi-rapid Transit Modes • Bus Rapid Transit • Light Rail Transit • Automated Guideway Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Bus Rapid Transit Lane Transit in Eugene, OR Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Bus Rapid Transit Trans. Milenio in Bogota, Colombia Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Light Rail Transit Dallas Area Regional Transit Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Automated Guideway Transit Hartsfield-Jackson Atlanta Airport Source: Wikimedia, http: //commons. wikimedia. org/wiki/File: ATL_People_Mover_2. jpg Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Rapid Transit Modes • • • Rail Rapid Transit (Metro) Light Rail Rapid Transit Rubber-tired Rapid Transit Monorail Regional (Commuter) Rail Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Light Rail Rapid Transit Vancouver Sky. Train Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Rubber-tired Metro Mexico City, Mexico Source: Montreal, Canada Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Monorail Walt Disney World, Florida Seattle, WA Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Commuter Rail Seattle, WA Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
2009 APTA Modal Facts Bus Commuter Rail Paratransit Heavy Rail Light Rail Trolleybus Monorail Inclined Plane Publico Aerial Tramway Automated Guideway Transit Cable Car Ferryboat # Systems Passenger Trips 1, 088 5, 452 mil 27 468 mil 6, 700 190 mil 15 3, 490 mil 35 465 mil 5 104 mil 2 4 1 212 mil 2 7 1 32 Passenger Miles 21, 477 mil 11, 232 mil 1, 477 mil 16, 805 mil 2, 199 mil 168 mil 1, 875 mil Transit Planning, Design & Operations
2009 Service Statistics Vehicles in Max Service MARTA Rail 182 Weekday Unlinked Trips ~267, 000 Saturday Unlinked Trips ~161, 000 507 ~232, 000 ~139, 000 CCT 79 16, 567 7, 703 Gwinnett 67 8, 814 1, 237 GRTA 83 7, 337 0 BUC 6 557 154 MARTA Bus Transit Planning, Design & Operations
2009 APTA Metro Facts Un Pass Trips New York-Newark, NY-NJ-CT 4, 019 mil Los Angeles-Long Beach, CA Chicago, IL-IN Washington, DC-VA-MD San Francisco-Oakland, CA Boston, MA-NH-RI Philadelphia, PA-NJ-DE-MD Seattle, WA Atlanta, GA Miami, FL Baltimore, MD Portland, OR-WA 705 mil 633 mil 495 mil 443 mil 376 mil 369 mil 190 mil 169 mil 160 mil 125 mil 115 mil Rank Pass Miles 1 21, 788 mil 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 3, 449 mil 3, 986 mil 2, 557 mil 2, 589 mil 1, 921 mil 1, 744 mil 1, 231 mil 992 mil 932 mil 814 mil 512 mil Rank Population Rank 1 17, 800, 000 1 3 2 5 4 6 7 8 9 10 11 15 11, 790, 000 8, 308, 000 3, 934, 000 3, 229, 000 4, 032, 000 5, 149, 000 2, 712, 000 3, 500, 000 4, 919, 000 2, 076, 000 1, 583, 000 2 3 8 12 7 4 14 11 5 19 24 Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Why Transit? Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Critical Issues in Transportation • • Congestion Energy / Environment Equity Safety Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Congestion Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Energy / Environment • In 2005, Public transportation reduced CO 2 emissions by 6. 9 million metric tons • 340 million gallons of gasoline saved Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Equity Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Safety Source: Transit Planning, Design & Operations
…And More • • Health Land Use / Availability Aging Population Community Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Conclusion • Wide range of transit modes to choose from – Pros and cons of each • Transit addresses many critical transportation issues – Congestion – Environmental problems – Equity – Safety – More Transit Planning, Design & Operations
Moving Forward • Issues today – Congestion – Environmental problems – Equity – Financial problems – Unsatisfactory quality Transit Planning, Design & Operations
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