Lecture 1 0 Computer Basics What is in

Lecture 1. 0 Computer Basics What is in a computer?

Computers do some pretty impressive things! n n CFD Modeling Flow Sheet Simulation

Computer is a simple machine, in principle! n n Add Subtract Count Switching n Pass information for one place to another n n CPU to RAM Bus = Communication with Equipment n Hard Drive / RAM

At the circuit level Computers use Binary Math; n n a switch is either on or off Instructions in Binary math = Machine Language What is Hexadecimal math?

What is inside the Computer?

What are these Components?

Computer Components - I n Mother Board n n Memory (RAM) (128 mbyte, 256 mbyte, 512 mbyte, 1024 mbyte) Serial Communications Bus n n n CPU with math coprocessor and memory cache (512 k byte) Battery Clock = counting circuit

Computer Components - II n Connections for n n n n Key Board Mouse Hard Disk Drive (20 -120 Giga byte) Floppy Drive (2 Mega byte) Zip Drive (100/250 Mega byte) CD Rom (650 Mega byte) DVD (4. 7 Giga byte) Video Card that Drives Monitor (analogue) Sound Card that Drives Speakers (analogue) Modem Card (digital) Ethernet Card(digital) A-to-D/D-to-A Card = Data Acquisition Card IEEE bus = external communications

Moore’s Law n please see http: //developer. intel. com/update/archive/issue 2/focus. htm

Chip Feature Scaling

What does a Ch. E need to know to work in materials processing? n n Materials Nomenclature Materials are High Purity Chemicals n n Silicon = 99. 9999% pure Structure is Important Defects in the Structure are Important Trace Impurities Play a Critical Role n Where they are in the structure is also critical

Course Overview n Physics of Solids n n n Materials Properties Device Physics Materials Processing of Silicon Chips n n Photolithography Deposition / Etching Implantation Planarization

Course Overview n Materials’ Properties n n Structure – Metals, Oxides, Semi-conductors Electrical Properties – Metals, Oxides, Semiconductors Other Properties – Piezo, magnetic, ferro-electric n n n Device Physics n n n Conductor Resistor Capacitor Diode Transistor Chip Devices n n Structures Memory CPU/Switches Multi-layer Interconnects barrier layers Limits on Computer speed

Course Overview - Chemical Engineering in Processing of Silicon Chips n n Wafer Fabrication Doping Wafers n n n Diffusion Implantation Patterning n n n Spin Coating n Photo-resist Development Photo-resist dissolution Etching Deposition n Oxides Silicon Metals Multi-layer Interconnects n n Patterning Deposition Chemical Mechanical Polishing/Planarization

Course Overview - II n What Can Go Wrong? n n Understanding the electrical problem in terms of chip processing. Understanding what causes the problem Developing a solution to the problem Developing a strategy so that the problem will not occur again.