Lec 1 Sample Collection Sample collection Sample collection

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Sample collection • Sample collection depends on: 1 - test required 2 - the method of analysis

Types of Biospecimens: 1 -Blood sample 2 - Urine sample Blood: Blood is actually a tissue. It is thick because it is made up of a variety of cells, each having a different job. In fact, blood is about 80% water and 20% solid, consisting of: • Plasma • Serum • Lymphocytes (WBC) • Erythrocytes(RBC) • Platelets

Plasma and Serum • Serum: dose not contain fibrinogen and clot form and it does not using anti-coagulant • Plasma: contain fibrinogen and prepared by adding anti- coagulant to the blood to stop the clot formation • Anti-coagulant types: 1 - heparin 2 - sodium oxalate 3 - sodium fluoride 4 - EDTA

Whole blood in the collection tube Blood after centrifugation WBCs and RBCs fter plasma removal Top view of the WBCs (buffy coat) Top view of sample after WBC removal

Blood Sample Draw procedure: Step 1 Prepare your work area, you need to have the proper equipment and a clean asterile environment. Make sure you have tourniquets, cotton, syringe, vials, tub, disinfectant, gloves, and labels.

Step 2 Wash your hands and put on a clean pair of gloves. Examine your patient’s arm to find a suitable vein. It should be straight and easy to find, even before you put the tourniquet on. However, you may need to have your patient make a fist and hold it, if the vein is not as easy to find. Step 3 Once you locate suitable vein, place the tourniquet 3 -4 inches above where you plan to inject the needle. Wipe with alcohol and allow it to dry.

Step 4 With the tourniquet on, and your thumb below the injection site, insert the needle at a 15 -30 degree angle, in one fluid motion. Step 5 Collect the blood in evacuated tubes. Different colors will help you determine which sample is meant for which test.

Step 6 Once you have all the blood necessary, remove the tourniquet from your patient’s arm, and then remove the needle. Apply pressure with a cotton ball or gauze. Secure with sterile tape. Step 8 Dispose of all needles and collection devices in an appropriate biohazard. Ensure your samples are labeled with the patient’s first and last name. finally wash your hands.