Lec 02 SFSS DG 01 b Causes of
Lec: 02 - SFSS – DG – 01 b Causes of Population Growth 1
Causes of Population Growth 2
Control of Infant Mortality ( 0 -11 months), ( 0 -2 years) • General Health Education has been Increased. • New Methods For Caring & Rearing of Children. • Number of Maternity Centers, Child Clinics are Introduced which are Providing Quality of Services. Introduction to Modern Medicines ØIn Modern Age there are Effective Medicines for Various Diseases which Helped a lot in Decreasing the Death Rate. Control over Natural & Other Calamities: ØControl over the natural calamities has resulted in saving the lives of many people. 3
• Better Sanitation: Ø Standard of Sanitation & General Cleanness has directly connection with the good health of individuals, which can result in high Life Expectancy. 4
– Family / Marriage: – – With whom to marry (not allowed to marry out of family sect etc). Age at marriage. Late marriage generally involves less children. Duration of married life (Divorce ratio etc) – Contraception: – Awareness about contraception / Family Planning – Social attitudes toward Family Planning Program. (Culture +Religion) – Availability of Centers / Contraceptive Devices – Abortion: – Last resort measure when contraception failed (or was not used). – Culture / religion plays an important determining role in the impact of abortion. Continued…….
• Education, Status & Employment Opportunity: • Educational level of the Male / Female/ Couple. • Employment Opportunities • Religion & Culture • • • Religion and Caste Type of Family Status of Women / Male Dominant Society Desire for Male Child Respect for Large Family
– Economic status of the family also plays an important role. – Inverse Relationships: • Fertility and Per Capita Income. • Fertility and urbanization. – Traditional Rural Societies: • Children still play an important economic role and contribute to family wealth, • Fertility is likely to remain higher. – Industrial and Post-Industrial Societies: • Reduce the fertility rate • since parents consider the direct and opportunity costs of bearing additional children.
High Fertility Among Muslims: The rate of fertility among Muslims is higher. Few reasons for higher fertility are, • Polygamy: For an adult Muslim four wives are allowed if he could treat them equally. • Marriage of Muslim Children in Earlier Age: It is one duty of parents among Muslims to get there children married as early as possible. Thus the children got married in their most fertile age, produce large number of children. 8
• Controversial Issue: Ø Birth Control is a Sin & ALLAH will ask us. Ø Birth Control is Killing of Humanity. Ø Quality ---- Not Quantity • Large Number of Children are considered as Blessing From ALLAH: Ø Muslim has firm belief that ALLAH gives food to Everyone, so why Reduce the size of Family. 9
• Illiteracy: Ø Lack of Future Seeing/Forecasting Ø Lack of Knowledge Regarding Family Planning Methods. • Least Aspiration for Higher Living Standard: Ø Least aspiration for higher living standard also affect the idea of “Planned Parent hood”. Ø The masses belief that whatever has been written in the fate can not be change by the efforts of human beings. 10
• Respect for Large Family: Ø In most of the areas due to faction and feuds large family is regarded as matter of prestige & power. Ø A family with large number of males is respected in rural areas. 11
• Desire for a Male Child: In our society a male child is generally a felt need, so the parents of Female Children go on having large number of family in the hope of getting a Male Child. • Lack of Family Planning Publicity: Lack of Awareness regarding the Population Growth, Its Affects & Family Planning. 12
• Political Power: Some people believe that greater number of people are associate with manpower & Political Power. • Lack of Recreational Facilities: Our country is in the stage of development & majority of our population have not yet attained the poverty line. So they don’t have extra money for recreational purpose. 13
• Influx of Afghan Refugees: Its also one of the main cause of Over- Population. 14
Thanks 15
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