LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND Reaching children women and
LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND Reaching children, women and persons with disabilities through EU development cooperation Brussels, 8 -10 February 2016 European Commission ©CBM DEVCO B 1 & B 3
Global Framework against discrimination 1948 The Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR) 1966 International Covenant on Economic, Social and Cultural Rights 1979 Convention on the Elimination of all forms of Discrimination against Women (CEDAW) 1989 UN Convention on the Rights of the Child (UNCRC) 2006 UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (UNCRPD) 2
Global Framework The 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development Landmark achievement: Clear focus on "Leaving no-one behind". Children: Ø approx. 40/ 50 targets of direct relevance (indirectly… nearly all) Ø Most important for child protection: goals 5. 1 to 5. 3 (harmful practices), 16. 2 (violence against children) and 16. 9 on birth registration – Many more on access to basic services (goals 3, 4, 6, 7 …). Women Ø One specific but all relevant. Goal 5: on GEWE with 5. 1 on ending all forms of discrimination, 5. 2 on VAWG, 5. 3 on harmful practices, 5. 4 on valuing unpaid care and domestic work, 5. 5 on participation and 5. 6 on SRHR Persons with disabilities Ø A Disability-inclusive Agenda: explicitly included in Goals 4 (education), 8 (employment), 10 (inequalities), 11 (sustainable cities) and 17 (global partnership). Data disaggregation. 3
Agenda 2030 and Europe Ø March 2016: final SDGs indicators – disaggregated by age/sex/disability? Ø Challenge is the implementation: need to align EU policies, programming and Results Framework with the SDGs, through addressing all discrimination. Ø The Commission Work Programme 2016 includes a new Initiative "Next steps for a sustainable European Future" which will set out EU's approach beyond 2020, taking account the internal and external implementation of the SDG. Ø Discussion ongoing on whether and how the development policy framework (European Consensus on Development, Agenda for Change) would need revision or not. Public consultation expected. Ø More concretly: already adopted programmes (e. g. GPGC) are focusing on SDGs targets 4
Some "tools" to tackle exclusion • Rights-Based Approach to Development : encompassing all HR Toolkit, etc • Action Plan on Human Rights and Democracy 2015 -2019 • EU Guidelines on the Protection and Promotion of the Rights of the Child EU Guidelines on Children and Armed Conflicts European Disability Strategy 2010 -2020 Gender Action Plan : Transforming the Lives of Girls and Women through EU External Relations 2016 -2020 5
EU Approach to children in development cooperation Evaluation on the implementation 2007 EU Guidelines for the Promotion and Protection of the Rights of the Child 2007 -2013 We do more than what we think ! EU cooperation is very relevant to children’s needs and rights But we do it "by chance": Lack of coordination and consciousness of child sensitive analysis and programming at HQ and EUD level 6
47% of EU operational support to developing countries is estimated to be relevant (directly or indirectly) to children’s needs and rights. 2208 actions of direct relevance identified in 132 countries for a budget of € 5037 M; twice more if consider direct and indirect relevance. Half of the child-relevant support is directly relevant to children’s needs and rights: children are main or partial beneficiaries and a thematic focus on children’s rights or needs - The rest is indirectly relevant: children are mentioned as beneficiaries but their specific needs and rights are not directly addressed by the action. 7
Funding of relevant actions by EU instruments • Complementary use of various instruments … but more coincidence than conscious effort. 85% of funds allocated from the 4 relevant geo. domains. • Thematic instruments and support to civil society contributes only a modest proportion of funding (eg EIDHR 1. 2%, DCI-NSAPVD 4. 2%) but these funds are mostly allocated to a large number of small projects with high relevance to child rights and needs. 8
Geographic distribution • Sub-Saharan Africa is the recipient region, behind Asia. largest • Relative to population size and severity of child rights problems, the two ENI subregions receive a greater share, which might reflect the importance of the neighbourhood relationship and the attention to rights themes in association agreements. • The average action budget is above € 2 m, though this falls below € 0. 7 m in Latin America and the Pacific. • The thematic focus of interventions varies more between countries in each region than between regions. 9
Correlation between EU funding and severity of child rights issues • The EU spends somewhat more per capita in countries with more serious child rights issues. • However, there is significant variation in the amount of funding provided in countries with similar levels of child’s rights problems. • Some countries have very acute child rights issues, but are among the lowest per capita recipients of EU funds for child rights. The opposite is also true • This suggests that factors other than objective needs are also influencing the level of EU funding. 10
Measures for improvement identified by DEL No magical and common agreed solution. EUD staff responsible for child’s rights are not convinced that mandatory child rights screening checklist during project design, more discussion of child rights issues during QSG or nomination of a child rights focal point could make a significant improvement to EU operational support for children’s rights. Significantly stronger preference for ‘soft’ measures such as training for EUD staff (notably senior manager level) and support to information exchange and networking, as well as for the organisation of global call(s) for proposals on children’s rights issues which the EUD is not or only weakly addressing. No consensus about a helpdesk JCxxx To what extent could the following measures improve your Delegation's operational support to child rights? Global call for proposals on child rights issues which the EU is not or is only. . . Information exchange and networking A child rights 'helpdesk' at HQ, to support Delegation staff Improved understanding of child rights issues among senior managers at. . . Training for Delegation staff Creation of child rights focal points in each Delegation Mandatory child rights screening checklist during project design, and mo. . . 0% Small • 20% 40% 60% Source: calculated from information provided by DEVCO/B 2 Medium High 80% 100% Very High 11
NO CHILD-BLIND programmes and projects All projects and programs do have a negative or positive impact on children: need to consider this not only to avoid harm to children but also to enhance the protection and promotion of child rights. Child Rights' Toolkit: how to take a rights-based child-focused approach across all programmes of bilateral and multilateral development assistance. It aims at strengthening the capacity to integrate a child rights approach at all stages throughout development programming, budgeting, policy making and law-making. 12
http: //www. unicef. org/eu/crtoolkit/ § 8 modules 1. Legislation - Overview 2. How to Mainstream § Six thematic areas 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. Child participation Governance Impact assessment Budgeting Humanitarian/resilience CSOs
EU approach to disability in development cooperation Guided by the UN Convention on the Rights of Persons with Disabilities (CRPD) Art. 32 on International Cooperation "Use development cooperation to support national efforts for the realization of the objectives of the Convention" "Ensure that all development cooperation policies and programmes are inclusive of and accessible to persons with disabilities". But all other articles apply! Examples: art. 24 on Education or art. 27 on Work and Employment or the principles of participation and accessibility should guide any mainstream bilateral programme. 14
What did the UN Committee say? (Sept. 2015) It acknowledged some progress: Ø In including rights of persons with disabilities in the financing of its external actions; Ø In advocating for the inclusion of disability in the SDGs & the Sendai Framework for Disaster Risk Reduction 2015 -2030. BUT showed concern at the lack of a systematic and institutionalised approach to mainstreaming the rights of persons with disabilities and Recommended: Ø Adoption of a harmonised policy on disability-inclusive development and a systematic approach to mainstream the rights of persons with disabilities in all programmes; Ø Appoint disability focal points; Ø Take the lead in the implementation of disability-inclusive SDGs; Ø Disaggregate data/monitor the rights of persons with disabilities in EU programmes; Ø Interrupt any programme that perpetuates the segregation of persons with disabilities -> reallocate funding towards CRPD compliant projects. 15
What's the state of play? Disability-specific projects: Ø 2010 -15 EU funded > 314 disability-specific projects in over 85 countries (> € 141 M) -> Mostly grants through CSOs. Ø Main areas of action: promotion of Human Rights, social inclusion (eg employment, education, health), Community-based rehabilitation. Ø No DAC Code! How to monitor (quantitatively & qualitatively)? Mainstreaming disability in bilateral cooperation: Ø Slow progress -> organisational challenge & an opportunity in the light of the CRPD / SDGs / HRBA. Ø Accessibility clause included in the Common Implementing Regulation & PRAG. Advocacy: Ø Rights of persons with disability increasingly included in HR dialogues. 16
2012 Guidance Note on disability-inclusive development Ø Adopt and advocate the human rights approach to disability. Ø Gather country-based analysis of the situation of people with disabilities and incorporate it in country poverty assessments. Ø Pursue a twin-track approach in support of the implementation of the CRPD Ø Promote and enable active participation and contributions by disabled peoples’ organisations (DPOs) and disability-focused organisations. Ø Promote accessibility and ensure that EU-funded programmes and services are accessible. Ø Promote donor coordination and multi-stakeholder partnerships Ø Raise awareness and reinforce communication strategies 17
New EU initiative: Bridging the Gap Ø DCI / Global Public Goods and Challenges (AAP 2015) Ø Project proposal -> DCI Committee October 2015 Ø Total amount of EU contribution: € 7. 1 M Ø Overall objective: Contribute to the socio-economic inclusion, equality and non-discrimination of persons with disabilities in LICs and MICs through more inclusive and accountable institutions and policies. 18
New EU initiative: Bridging the Gap Component 1: Ø Global level - > Elaboration of HR indicators for the CRPD, Guidance for implementing disability-inclusive SDGs Ø Implementation modality: Grant to the OHCHR Ø EU Contribution: € 1. 5 M (80% of total budget) Component 2: Ø Country level -> Strengthening national capacities in 5 -6 countries to develop, implement and monitor disability-inclusive sector policies and services. Knowledge development and sharing component. Ø Implementation modality: Grant to a partnership of EU MS Ø EU Contribution: € 5. 6 M (80% of total budget) 19
EU approach to Gender Equality in development cooperation • It's about values • It's about rules: • EU Consensus on Development • Agenda for change DCI Regulation – on para 7: "Respect for human rights, fundamental freedoms, the promotion of the rule of law, democratic principles, transparency, good governance, peace and stability and gender equality are essential for the development of partner countries, and those issues should be mainstreamed in the Union's development policy, particularly in programming and in agreements with partner countries. " 20
It's about effectiveness • WHO report 2013: • one in three women across the globe has experienced physical and/or sexual assault in their lifetime. This implies costs in terms of expenditures on service provision, lost income for women and their families, decreased productivity, and negative impacts on future human capital formation. • World Bank report 2014 • Data from nine countries indicate that those costs are substantial, from 12% of GDP. In the economies reviewed, this amount nearly equals government spending on primary education. • Water. Aid report 2013: • In 25 Sub-Saharan African countries, 71% of water collection is done by women and girls. In these countries alone it is estimated that women spend a combined total of at least 16 million hours every day collecting water! • FAO 2014: If women had the same access to productive resources as men, they could increase yields on their farms by 20– 30 percent. 21
• Since 2005 – EU Consensus on Development • Three pronged approach : • Political dialogue • Specific actions • Mainstreaming Europe. Aid 22
Our results? Not so good …. • Poor translation of commitments into strategies and programmes at regional / national level; and poor Accountability • • Capacity and Cash constraints: overdependence on Gender Focal Points who often lack necessary expertise and support. • • Very limited contextual understanding / analysis. The failure to use robust gender analysis has implications on quality of programmes & project design, quality of political dialogue, on accountability and on the relevance of programmes to national context. • • With a few exceptions, senior and middle management in HQ and in EUDs have not engaged sufficiently with the gender policy and have not sought to establish a conducive institutional architecture. 23
NEW GAP 2016 -2020: What's New? • Focus on three different thematic areas instead of "one size fits all" • Context Specific: EUDs select targets and indicators based on local priorities and capacities • Indicators in line with the SDG and the Results Framework • Institutional culture change as a horizontal priority: Leadership, systematic reporting, results -focused, coherence and coordination
4 pivotal areas (3 thematic and 1 horizontal) 1) Ensuring girls’ and women's physical and psychological integrity 2) Promoting the social and economic rights / empowerment of women and girls 3) Strengthening girls' and women's voice and participation 4) Shifting the Institutional Culture to more effectively deliver on EU commitments (horizontal goal)
How DEVCO can improve ? • The middle and senior management of DEVCO and EEAS should ensure a significantly increased investment in, and use of, contextual analysis and gender profiling at national and sector levels • DEVCO should set out minimum country-level requirements for addressing GEWE under current staffing and resourcing conditions (e. g. role, conduct and use of contextual analysis) • More coordinated and regular efforts should be made to ensure that there is good evidence about both the effectiveness of gender mainstreaming in strategies, programmes and projects and the contributions that these make to gender results at 26 national, regional and international levels.
Implementation support • Indicators aligned with SDGs and EU Result Framework (to be revised in March 2016) • Implementation Guidance note • Gender helpdesk • Revised Toolkit on mainstreaming gender equality • Resource package for background material • Trainings - webinars • Reporting tools simplified • Ad hoc support by DEVCO B 1
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