LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND INCLUSION TO TACKLE INEQUALITIES

LEAVE NO ONE BEHIND INCLUSION TO TACKLE INEQUALITIES SESSION 1 8 -10 FEBRUARY 2016

Growing momentum - In all regions the issue of inequality had gained momentum - There has been a growing recognition that inequalities hinder economic development, political stability, peaceful societies… - One of the key lesson from MDGs was that overall progress does no benefit all and might sometimes widen inequalities - The 2008 crisis and its aftermath also highlighted the widening inequality

Growing momentum - Gender equality has gained wide recognition, and issues pertaining to children, elderly people, persons with disabilities, LGBT and other groups facing discrimination or most at risks have been increasingly considered in global discourse - These have trigger greater use of the concept of inclusion and inclusive growth or development with different meanings as well as consensus that contributed to the idea of social protection floor - The agenda 2030 “leave no one behind” motto and SDGs formulation are illustrations of this momentum

Sustainable Development Goals: Inclusive and for all 1. End poverty in all its forms everywhere 2. End hunger, achieve food security and improved nutrition and promote sustainable agriculture 3. Ensure healthy lives and promote well-being for all at all ages 4. Ensure inclusive and equitable quality education and promote lifelong learning opportunities for all 5. Achieve gender equality and empower all women and girls 6. Ensure availability and sustainable management of water and sanitation for all 7. Ensure access to affordable, reliable, sustainable and modern energy for all 8. Promote sustained, inclusive and sustainable economic growth, full and productive employment and decent work for all

Sustainable Development Goals: Inclusive and for all 9. Build resilient infrastructure, promote inclusive and sustainable industrialisation and foster innovation 10. Reduce inequality within and among countries 11. Make cities and human settlements inclusive, safe, resilient and sustainable 12. Ensure sustainable consumption and production patterns 13. Take urgent action to combat climate change and its impacts 14. Conserve and sustainably use the oceans, seas and marine resources for sustainable development 15. Protect, restore and promote sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems, sustainably manage forests, combat desertification, and halt and reverse land degradation and halt biodiversity loss 16. Promote peaceful and inclusive societies for sustainable development, provide access to justice for all and build effective, accountable and inclusive institutions at all levels 17. Strengthen the means of implementation and revitalise the global partnership for sustainable development

Inequality(ies) To understand inequalities, it is important to distinguish: • Vertical inequality consists in inequality among individuals or households and is typically measured in terms of income and occasionally assets • Horizontal inequality is defined as inequality among groups, typically culturally defined – e. g. by age, gender, disability, ethnicity, race, religion, region … and can be measured in terms of economic, social and political outcomes, access and participation

Different lenses to look at inequalities • OUTCOMES: the extend to which members of different socially defined group reach the same economic or social outcomes • ACCESS: the extend to which they have equal access to services, resources and opportunities • PARTICIPATION: the extend to which they take part in decision making processes that impact their life and their communities, societies

Different lenses to look at inequalities (2) • Economic : income, assets, employment, wealth • Social: life expectancy, infant and child mortality, educational attainment, and access to services, such as health services, schools and universities, sanitation and water supplies, housing, community life … • Cultural: disparities in the recognition and standing of different groups’ languages, customs, norms and practices. • Political: taking part in decision-making at national, local and community level…

“Hard” to reach, easy to forget • - Many groups that have been discriminated could not really developed the capacities to engage in the politics of development policies and programs ü - Those groups are often difficult to involve both in terms of communication as well as contribution ü - They tend to be left aside because of time pressure, resource limitation and competing priorities. ü -There is often little political cost to overlook them ü - in absence of disaggregated data their disadvantaged situation might even be “invisible” to the policy making and development machinery

No one left behind ? • No on left behind means that no goal should be considered met unless it is met for everyone • MDG targets created incentives for governments to focus on ‘low hanging fruit’ rather than those most in need. For “all” meant for “most”, at best. • This requires a different way of working that would have inclusion at its core.

Questions for the group 10 mn Please discuss in your groups: • How would you define inclusion? • What means being inclusive?

What is inclusion and what isn’t? http: //www. friendshipcircle. org/

Inclusion is recognising diversity and intersectionality Person with disabilities Indigenous people Children Women Gay or lesbians Elderly person ………. .

What means being inclusive? • Ensuring that programs will not discriminate certain groups, contribute to exclude, create or perpetuate barriers • Ensuring that all groups that could be positively or negatively impacted, or that should benefit are meaningfully involved and are in position to participate • Ensuring that measures are taken to in place to strive for equal access and outcomes for ALL not only for MOST.

Nothing is neutral • If a program does not explicitly seek to prevent discrimination and promote inclusion there will be people groups left behind • It might contribute to widen inequalities. • There is no neutral policy as such. • The challenges is how to make sure that we do not forget anybody, that we do not just juxtapose check lists.

Inequality and the human rights based approach Principles of the Rights based approach address directly inequality: • • • Universality and inalienability of human rights Indivisibility human rights Equality and Non-discrimination Participation and Inclusion Accountability and Rule of Law: States and other dutybearers are answerable for the observance of human rights.

What is done to ensure access for all? • Availability (existence, geographic distribution, sustainability) • Affordability (sliding scales, means tested, free…) • Accessibility (transport, infrastructure, use) • Acceptability (culturally sensitive, free and inform consent…) • Quality (responsive to users needs and desired outcomes…)

Priorities? DEVELOPMENT (ECONOMIC? ) POLICIES SOCIAL POLICIES Marginalized groups Children Indigneous. . People with disability

Ensuring that gender equality and inclusion are part of the political dialogue MAINSTREAMING IN ANY PROGRAMS AND POLICIES Specific and targeted programs and policies Non discrimination Removing barriers in laws program, policies and services Enabling support Support empowerment of marginalised and discriminated groups Greater inclusion and Reduction of inequalities

How to promote inclusion? • - Identifying the groups that are the most at risks of being excluded directly or inadvertently • - Identifying any potential barriers and ways of preventing and removing them in any program or policy • - Reaching out to marginalised or at risks groups and supporting their meaningful involvement • - Planning resources for support and accessibility of groups that might not be in position to contribute or benefit • - Disaggregation of data of projects and programs • - Due consideration in planning, monitoring and evaluation

Framing the resource debate • - Absolute economics has little to do with political economy of budgeting • - Countries who did very little will have to spend significantly more • - It is not about cost benefit of implementing inclusion but about cost effectiveness of doing it • - We need better idea of cost and financing of inclusion • - NGOs and allies have also to be in position to understand what is really feasible, avoid becoming non HR compliant in their advocacy due to the resources limitation and let the states and donors agencies alone decide what is enough and what is too much.

Inclusion for better development effectiveness • Being inclusive is not only about doing the right thing, it is also doing things the right way. • An inclusive health/education/energy/justice programme is also a “good” programme - wider reach, less risk of doing harm, greater participation…

Questions for the group (20 mn) Please discuss in your groups about how much are you in EUD in position to be inclusive and promote inclusion? • More specifically: • What are the tools, instruments and resources that allow you to be inclusive? • What are the internal issues, if any, that limit your ability to be inclusive?