LEARNINGBEHAVIORISM 7 9 This is consistently one of

LEARNING/BEHAVIORISM 7 -9% This is consistently one of the lowest tests of the year…You need to study over the whole unit.

Pavlov’s Dogs

Classical Conditioning � � � This is passive learning (automatic…learner does NOT have to think). Unconditional Stimulus (UCS/US)- something that elicits a natural, reflexive response. Unconditional Response (UCR/UR)- response to the UCS.

Parts of Classical Conditioning � � � NS – Neutral stimulus US/UCS – Unconditioned Stimulus UR/UCR – Unconditioned Response CS – Conditioned Stimulus CR – Conditioned Response

Pavlov US – Food CS – Bell UR – Drool CR – Drool Little Albert US _______ CS _______ UR CR

� Acquisition – when the “pairing” happens Classical Conditioning at BGSU If Pavlov kept ringing the bell but never presented meat powder again? ? ? � Extinction

In Class Demo US _______________ � CS _______________ � � UR CR What happened when Mrs. Mackson Stopped the conditioned stimulus?

Timing Matters (please add this) • • Delayed Conditioning: present CS, while CS is still there, present UCS. Trace Conditioning: present CS, short break, then present UCS. Simultaneous Conditioning: CS and UCS are presented at the same time. Backward Conditioning: UCS is presented, then CS is presented.

Taste Aversion

Garcia – Taste Aversion Personal Examples? ?

Spontaneous Recovery

Generalization Things that are similar cause the same response

Discrimination Stimulus that is different does not illicit the same response

First-Order and Second-Order Conditioning First Order Conditioning. • Bell + meat = salivation. • Bell = Salivation. Second Order Conditioning (After first order conditioning has occurred) • Light + Bell = Salivation. • Light = Salivation.

Operant Conditioning The Learner is NOT passive. Learning based on consequence!!!

Law of Effect – Thorndike • • • Edward Thorndike Locked cats in a cage Behavior changes because of its consequences. Rewards strengthen behavior. If consequences are unpleasant, the Stimulus -Reward connection will weaken. Called the whole process instrumental learning.

B. F Skinner � � � Nurture is only important Skinner boxes Rewards and punishments

Skinner Box

Reinforcers – increase behavior � � � Primary – needs – ANY FOOD Secondary – wants Positive Reinforcers – ADD something to increase behavior � Money, � candy, extra credit, etc. Negative Reinforcers – SUBTRACT something to increase behavior � The bell in car to buckle seat belt, choke collar, etc.

Punishment – Decrease behavior � Positive punishment – ADD something to decrease behavior � Spanking, � “timeouts, ” extra homework, etc. Negative Punishment – SUBTRACT something to decrease behavior (Omission Training) � Take away your license, parents take away your phone, etc.

Practice in Packet � Number 4 – mom’s “behavior” so the kid is conditioning mom.

Punishment Problems � � � � Works best when it is immediate and harsh! No alternate Consistent Flee instead of fix Confusing Copied Attention

Same terminology as Classical Conditioning � � � Acquisition Extinction Spontaneous Recovery Generalization Discrimination When we were potty training our kids we used Operant Conditioning. Identify the terms as they might apply.

Schedules of Reinforcement Continuous � � Reinforce the behavior EVERYTIME the behavior is exhibited. Used when TRAINING Acquisition comes really fast. But so does extinction. Partial • • Reinforce the behavior only SOME of the times it is exhibited. Acquisition comes more slowly. But is more resistant to extinction. FOUR types of Partial Reinforcement schedules.

Interval Schedules Fixed Interval � Requires a SET amount of time to elapse before giving the reinforcement. Variable Interval � � Requires a RANDOM amount of time to elapse before giving the reinforcement. Very hard to get acquisition but also very resistant to extinction. Fixed Interval: She gets a manicure for every 7 days she stays on her diet.

Ratio Schedules Fixed Ratio � Provides a reinforcement after a SET number of responses. Variable Ratio � � Provides a reinforcement after a RANDOM number of responses. Very hard to get acquisition but also very resistant to extinction. Fixed Ration- She gets a manicure for every 5 pounds she loses.

Practice � � � � _____ 1. Each day after completing 1 hour of the treadmill, Susan allows herself a break to relax and sit down _____ 2. A dog begs for food as the family sits down to table, sometimes he gets a scrap _____ 3. Peter e-mails his girlfriend multiple times per night; occasionally she will e-mail him back. _____ 4. Aki buys a ticket for the state lotto thinking the next time she might win _____ 5. If he has worked hard all year, each December Darren gets his annual bonus at work. _____ 6. Every Friday Martha goes to the movies with her friends _____ 7. After Fiona cleans the bathroom three times her mother gives her an allowance of $20.

Lemonade Classical Conditioning � � � US_________ UR ________ CS ________ CR ________ If you want go wash your hands right now. This will go on all hour You will be licking your fingers

Shaping You reinforce steps along the way. “Successive approximations”

Tolman � � Cognitive Map Latent learning

Rescorla � Predictive power of the US/CS VS. In the end both group shocked 20 times!!!

Seligman � “Biological preparedness”

Insight learning

Observational Learning � � � Attention Reproduction Motivation SOCIAL LEARNING THEORY MODELING

� Today – Operant Conditioning Real Life � Go to my teacher webpage on Chromebook to access the links � Tomorrow � CL vs OP quiz � Start Truman Show � Monday � Review (1 st half) – giving you today � Partnered FRQ (I’m picking partner with notecards) � Test write-ups due � Tuesday � Multiple Choice (25 minutes) � Start Memory/Cognition

Online Quizzes � � � Multiple choice – good Weiten –Just ok. Very tough questions. Carpenter (Chap. 6) – Very good (except #6 answer key is wrong)