Learning the PDF Deque Way 20170720 Deque Systems

Learning the PDF Deque. Way 2017/07/20 Deque Systems, Inc. Naveesha Maharaj – naveesha. maharaj@deque. com Denis Boudreau – db@deque. com o t t e g r o f Don’t s e h t d recor

Training agenda 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. Introducing the PDF Deque. Way Exploring Acrobat Pro (basics) PDF Validation workflow PDF accessibility testing methodology PDF/UA-specific checkpoints Top 12 PDF testing tips Resources and references Hands-on PDF accessibility testing workshop Wrap up & questions © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 1

Training documents Download all files: http: //bit. ly/PDF-Deque. Way-20170720 © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 2

Part 1 Introducing the PDF Deque. Way © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 3

Deque. Way for PDF Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/dequeway/interpreting/wcag/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 4

Deque. Way for PDF Resource https: //drive. google. com/open? id=0 B-RUj-n. DNI 8 WLW 9 za. HJl. Y 0 NWSkk © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 5

Part 2 Exploring Acrobat Pro © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 6

Overview • Finding your way around Acrobat Pro • Using the accessibility tool • Displaying the navigation panes • Reflowing a document • Available PDF tags overview © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 7

Finding your way around Acrobat Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/acrobat-interface/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 8

Using the accessibility tool Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/acrobat-interface/touchup-reading-order © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 9

Displaying the navigation panes Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/acrobat-interface/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 10

Using the tags navigation pane Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/acrobat-interface/tags © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 11

Using the content navigation pane Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/acrobat-interface/content-pane © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 12

Using the order navigation pane Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/acrobat-interface/order-pane © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 13

Using the reflow view tool Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/acrobat-interface/reflow © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 14

Available PDF tags overview Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf-tags © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 15

Available PDF tags overview Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf-tags © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 16

Part 3 PDF validation workflow © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 17

Overview • Using Acrobat Pro’s accessibility checker • Using PAC 2 (PDF accessibility checker) • Screen reader testing (NVDA) © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 18

Acrobat Pro PDF checker Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/validation/full-check © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 19

Acrobat’s accessibility checker Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/validation/full-check © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 20

Acrobat Pro PDF checker report Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/validation/full-check © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 21

PDF Accessibility Checker (PAC 2) Resource http: //www. access-for-all. ch/en/pdf-lab/pdf-accessibility-checker-pac. html © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 22

PAC 2 interface Resource http: //www. access-for-all. ch/en/pdf-lab/pdf-accessibility-checker-pac. html © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 23

PAC 2 screen reader preview Resource http: //www. access-for-all. ch/en/pdf-lab/pdf-accessibility-checker-pac. html © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 24

Using NVDA’s speech viewer Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/validation/screen-reader © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 25

Part 4 PDF accessibility testing methodology © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 26

Testing for PDF accessibility The approach is basically the same, but the tools and techniques used are different: • Same WCAG 2. 0 considerations, overall • Some particularities related to PDF/UA © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 27

PDF techniques for WCAG 2. 0 Resource https: //www. w 3. org/TR/WCAG 20 -TECHS/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 28

Deque. Way for PDF Resource https: //drive. google. com/open? id=0 B-RUj-n. DNI 8 WLW 9 za. HJl. Y 0 NWSkk © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 29

Two levels of service offering 1. WCAG 2. 0 Following the same guidelines & checkpoints found in the HTML Deque. Way for desktop and assistive technology. 2. PDF/UA Following additional sets of rules and considerations that go beyond WCAG 2. 0, and that are specific to PDF content. © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 30

Part 5 Top 12 PDF testing tips © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 31

Getting started Top 12 Tips! 1. Default language 2. Meaningful title 3. Informative images 4. Decorative images 5. Semantic headings 6. Logical reading order 7. Keyboard navigation 8. Meaningful link text 9. Structured bookmarks 10. Data table structure 11. Form controls 12. Document reflow © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 32

Deque’s accessibility infographic Resource https: //www. deque. com/blog/accessible-infographics/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 33

01. Default language Top 12 Tips! Test no 1 The default language for the content of the document has been globally set. Tool used: Acrobat Pro / Document Properties Method: Using Adobe Acrobat Pro, go to Document properties (File » Properties). In the modal that pops up, go to the Advanced tab, and look for the Reading Options section. Has a language indication been set for the Language dropdown? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 34

02. Meaningful title Top 12 Tips! Test no 2 The document is assigned a meaningful and descriptive title value. Tool used: Acrobat Pro / Document Properties Method: Using Adobe Acrobat Pro, go to Document properties (File » Properties). In the modal that pops up, go to the Description tab, and look for the Title field. Has the document been provided with a meaningful and descriptive title value? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 35

03. Informative images Top 12 Tips! Test no 3 Images that convey information are assigned descriptive and meaningful alt text. Tool used: Acrobat Pro / Touch. Up Reading Order Method: Using the "Accessibility tool" in Adobe Acrobat Pro, bring up the Touch. Up Reading Order dialog box. Locate informative images in the PDF document, and right-click on each to read the value of the associated alt text. Does the alt text offer a text equivalent to the information found in the informative image? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 36

04. Decorative images Top 12 Tips! Test no 4 Images that convey no information, or are purely decorative are turned into artifacts. Tool used: Acrobat Pro / Touch. Up Reading Order Method: Using the "Accessibility tool" in Adobe Acrobat Pro, bring up the Touch. Up Reading Order dialog box. Locate informative images in the PDF document, and right-click on each to read the value of the associated alt text. Does the alt text offer a text equivalent to the information found in the informative image? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 37

05. Semantic headings Top 12 Tips! Test no 5 Content that is made to look like a heading is marked up as such in the Tags tree. Tool used: Acrobat Pro / Touch. Up Reading Order Method: Using the "Accessibility tool" in Adobe Acrobat Pro, bring up the Touch. Up Reading Order dialog box. Make sure the "Structure Types" radio button option is selected, then locate all suggested headings in the PDF document. Are each object made to look like section headings identified as such? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 38

06. Logical reading order Top 12 Tips! Test no 6 The order in which content is conveyed by the screen reader to the user makes sense. Tool used: Screen reader Method: Using a screen reader, start at the beginning of the document, and move element-byelement using the arrow keys. Can the content be understood in the order in which it is presented by the reader? . © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 39

07. Keyboard navigation Top 12 Tips! Test no 7 Every active element can be reached using only the keyboard. Tool used: Keyboard only Method: Navigate through all the content in the document, pressing the TAB key repeatedly to move the focus from one active element to the next. Then navigate the focus in the reverse direction by pressing SHIFT-TAB. Can every active element be reached and interacted with using only the keyboard? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 40

08. Meaningful link text Top 12 Tips! Test no 8 Link text is meaningful enough for users to understand the purpose of the link. Tool used: Adobe Acrobat Pro Method: Using Acrobat Pro, locate links in the document and make sure their link text provides enough information to understand their purpose. If the text isn't meaningful enough, locate the <Link> elements in the Tags tree. Is there a more meaningful alt text provided for links that are not meaningful enough? . © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 41

09. Structured bookmarks Top 12 Tips! Test no 9 Structured bookmarks are provided to allow users easy navigation to specific parts of the document. Tool used: Acrobat Pro / Bookmarks navigation pane Method: Using the "Bookmarks" navigation pane in Adobe Acrobat Pro, make sure bookmarks are provided for the document (if the document has more than a few pages). Does the proposed bookmarks structure allow for efficient navigation through the document? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 42

10. Form controls Top 12 Tips! Test no 10 Form controls are assigned a programmatic label through the use of form tooltips. Tool used: Acrobat Pro / Prepare forms Method: Using the “Prepare forms Tool" in Adobe Acrobat Pro, right-click on form controls and select the “Properties” option from the contextual menu to display the control’s properties modal, and check under the “General” tab. Is the form control assigned a value in the “Tooltip” field, that reliably conveys the purpose of the form control? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 43

11. Data table structure Top 12 Tips! Test no 11 Header cells in data tables are marked up using TH tags and have scope values assigned. Tool used: Acrobat Pro / Touch. Up Reading Order Method: Using the "Accessibility Tool" in Adobe Acrobat Pro, bring up the Touch. Up Reading Order dialog box. Make sure the "Structure Types" radio button option is selected, and click on the "Table Editor" button to highlight tables in the document. Are header cells in data tables marked up using <TH> tags? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 44

Alaska Airlines table example Resource (zipped file) Alaska Airlines table/SCR_Rate_Sheet-final. pdf © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 45

12. Document reflow Top 12 Tips! Test no 12 The content can be meaningfully reflowed in a single column with word wrapping. Tool used Acrobat Pro / Reflow mode Method Turn on the Reflow mode (select View » Zoom » Reflow). Validate that the entire content reflows in a single, full width column. Is the meaning of the content affected by the order in which it is reflowed, and can the text be resized without causing horizontal scrollbars? © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 46

PDF/Acrobat Pro quick reference Resource (zipped file) PDF Acrobat quickref/PDF_Reference_Guide. pdf © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 47

Break! Back in 15 minutes. © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 48

Part 6 PDF/UA and specific checkpoints © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 49

ISO 14289 -1: 2012 Resource https: //drive. google. com/open? id=0 B-RUj-n. DNI 8 WTzl. BOENSc. Tlkdl. E © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 50

PDF/UA overview • • Derived from WCAG 2. 0 Exclusively created for PDF documents PDF/UA compliance brings significant advantages Supported by several PDF creating programs to assist developers • The PDF/UA framework allows assistive technology, PDF applications and the PDF file format to work together optimally so that as many people as possible have access to PDF documents with sound technical support. © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 51

PDF/UA and WCAG 2. 0 Resource https: //www. pdfa. org/infographics-pdfua-and-wcag-2 -0/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 52

Similarities with WCAG and PD/UA Both WCAG and PDF/UA have the same goal: to mark up content so that it is universally readable by computer technologies, including assistive technologies used by those with disabilities. Both standards use a similar — but not identical — set of universally recognized tags to mark up the content. Example: <H 1> and <H 2> designate heading levels 1 and 2 in both standards. Both standards are managed and published by the International Organization for Standardization (ISO) based in Europe, but each standard is developed by different nonprofit organizations. Many other technologies benefit from this common markup, such as CMS (content management systems), search engines, and cross-media publishing. © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 53

Few difference between WCAG and PDF/UA <H 1> – <H 6> are for headings in both standards. No difference. Bullet lists in HTML use <UL> and numbered lists use <OL>. But in PDFs, there’s only one tag — <L> — for both bulleted and numbered lists. All lists in both standards use <LI> to label each individual item in the list. No difference. But only PDFs divide <LI>s into sub-tags: <Lbl> for the bullet/number character and <LBody> for the text of the list item. There is no summary tag available in PDFs, which is often used for tables in HTML. There is no CSS (cascading stylesheet) formatting in PDFs. That’s only used with HTML and EPUBs. All graphics use Alt-text in both standards. No difference. However, only PDF has the Artifact tag which allows you to indicate that the graphic is insignificant and can be skipped by assistive technologies. HTML uses the null tag (empty quotes “”). © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 54

PDF/UA-specific checkpoints To promote adoption of PDF/UA by software developers and document testers alike, the PDF Association’s PDF/UA Competence Center developed the Matterhorn Protocol, a list of all the possible ways to fail PDF/UA. Resource: https: //www. pdfa. org/publication/the-matterhorn-protocol-1 -02/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 55

Issues you may encounter: Role Mapping /Heading_Level_One © 2017 - All Rights Reserved /H 1 56

Issues you may encounter: Metadata Using Adobe Acrobat Pro » Menu: File > Document Properties > Description Tab • Title field: Enter a meaningful name for the document. • Author field: Enter “Washington D. C. ” (minus quotes), the authoring department, and phone number that someone who might need accessibility assistance with the document can call. Be sure that it is a general phone number that will be answered during business hours. • Subject field: Enter a short description (160 characters or less) for the document. • Set the appropriate language and select OK © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 57

Issues you may encounter: Embedded Fonts Using Adobe Acrobat Pro • Go to "Document properties" (File » Properties, or CTRL+D on Windows/CMD+D on Mac. OS). • In the modal that pops up, go to the "Fonts" tab (third one). • Verify that all the fonts are showing "Embedded Subset" in parentheses after the font's name. • Log an issue for any situation where fonts are not indicated as being embedded. © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 58

Issues you may encounter: Structure Elements In the Acrobat Pro Tags pane: • right click the Figure tag (for example) and select Properties. • On the Tag tab of the Object Properties dialog, click the Edit Attribute Objects button. • In the Attributes dialog, if there is not a “/Attribute Object # <<Dictionary>>” item, click the New Item button to create it. • Select “/Attribute Object # <<Dictionary>>” and click the New Item button. • In the Add Key and Value dialog, enter Placement in the Key field, and Block in the Value field. Leave Name as the Value Type. • Select OK. © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 59

Issues you may encounter: Empty Tags Using Adobe Acrobat Pro In the Tags panel, use the options menu or right-click a tag in the logical structure tree to choose from the following options: • Delete Tag - Removes the selected tag. © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 60

Issues you may encounter: Character Encoding To ensure proper encoding, do the following: ● Verify that the necessary fonts are installed on your system. ● Use a different font (preferably Open. Type) in the original document, and then re-create the PDF. ● Re-create the PDF file with a newer version of Acrobat Distiller. ● Use the latest Adobe Postscript driver to create the Post. Script file, and then re-create the PDF. © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 61

Issues you may encounter: PDF/UA Identifier missing If your document is not marked as compliant with PDF/UA by the required XMP file: • To add the PDF/UA ID using Acrobat Pro X or XI you will need the required snippet of metadata in an XMP file. If you have knowledge and experience with XML/XMP you can create the file, otherwise feel free to download this one and save it with an xmp (not txt) extension. • In Acrobat Pro, File > Properties > on the Description tab of the Document Properties dialog, click the Additional Metadata button > Click “Advanced” (near the top left of the dialog) > Click the Append button > In the Append dialog, select the XMP file and click the Open button © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 62

Part 7 Resources & references © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 63

Deque University PDF training Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 64

Deque University (PDF Deque. Way) Resource https: //dequeuniversity. com/class/pdf/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 65

PDF/Acrobat Pro quick reference Resource (zipped file) PDF Acrobat quickref/PDF_Reference_Guide. pdf © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 66

Adobe Acrobat Library Resource https: //acrobatusers. com/tutorials/filter/search&category=2&channel=tutorials/ © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 67

PDF Accessibility Checker (PAC 2) Resource http: //www. access-for-all. ch/en/pdf-lab/pdf-accessibility-checker-pac. html © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 68

WCAG 2. 0 mapping to PDF/UA Resource https: //helpx. adobe. com/acrobat/using/create-verify-pdfaccessibility. html#WCAGmappingto. PDFUA © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 69

Part 8 Hands-on manual testing workshop © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 70

Hands-on PDF accessibility testing Recommendations for testing • • • Keyboard Screen reader Adobe Acrobat Pro PAC 2 / PDF Accessibility checker Top 12 list (as your starting point) © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 71

Hands-on accessibility testing Assess the “untagged” version of the infographic, using the Top 12 list and PDF/UA checkpoints © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 72

Part 9 Wrap up & questions © 2017 - All Rights Reserved 73

© 2017 - All Rights Reserved 74