LEARNING TARGETS Chapter 2 Aim Goal TARGET Objective

LEARNING TARGETS Chapter 2

Aim Goal TARGET Objective

Learning Target a statement of student performance that includes both a description of what students should know, understand, and be able to do at the end of a unit of instruction something that can be observed through the behavior of students

Learning Targets Educational Goal - a very general statement of what students will know and be able to know - typically written to cover a smaller block of instructional time, such as an instructional unit

Learning Targets Educational Objective - specific statements of student performance that should be demonstrated at the end of the instructional unit - typically written to cover a smaller block of instructional time, such as an instructional unit

Learning Targets Elements of Highly Precise Performance Objectives: 1. Performance 2. Criterion 3. Condition 4. Audience

Learning Targets Performance Øa description of the behavior that learners are expected to perform Ø describes what the learner will be doing when demonstrating mastery of an objective

Learning Targets Performance Poor Examples: • Be able to understand mathematics. • Develop an appreciation of music. • Be able to know the concept of diffusion. • Be able to familiarize indefinite pronouns.

Learning Targets Performance Good Examples: • Be able to dance tinikling. • Be able to interview licensed teachers. • Be able to paint a picture of a mountain. • Be able to write an application letter.

Learning Targets Condition Øa description of the circumstances under which the performance will be carried out Ø includes a description of what will be available to learners when they perform the desired behavior

Learning Targets Condition Examples: • Using a metric ruler. . . • Given a set of whole numbers. . . • Without the aid of class notes. . . • Using only a screwdriver. . . • Given a list of chemical elements. . .

Learning Targets Criterion Øa description of the criteria for acceptance of a performance as sufficient, indicating mastery of the objective Ø emphasizes quality time limits, accuracy, and

Performance Objectives with the four components: • Given the topic of the development of an embryo, the Bio. Sci students will be able to write a short essay in no more than 30 sentences within 30 minutes. • With the use of the different dried plants collection, the 3 rd year Phy. Sci students will be able to design a mini herbarium exhibit with 100% accuracy in no more than three hours.

Performance Objectives with the four components: • Provided with a list of trigonometric functions, the students will be able to prove identities within 30 minutes with at least 90% accuracy.

Components of Learning Targets LEARNING TARGETS CONTENT CRITERIA What Students should Know, Understand, and Be Able to Do Dimensions of Student Performance Used for Judging Attainment

Types of Learning Targets 1. Knowledge 2. Reasoning 3. Skills 4. Products 5. Dispositions

Types of Learning Targets Knowledge refers to the facts and concepts we want students to know includes mastery of facts and information, typically through recall

Types of Learning Targets Knowledge Content Standard Key Words explain, understand, describe, identify, tell, name, list, define, label, match, choose, recall, recognize, select, know

Types of Learning Targets Knowledge Examples: Recognizes and describes patterns of human behaviour. Understands long-term physiological benefits of regular participation in physical activity. Knows that energy can be transformed between various forms.

Types of Learning Targets Reasoning Students use what they know to reason and solve problem includes problem solving, critical thinking, synthesis, comparing, higher order thinking skills, and judgment

Types of Learning Targets Reasoning Content Standard Key Words Evaluate, judge, discriminate, modify, organize, formulate, hypothesize Examples Analyses fitness assessments to set personal fitness goals, strategizes ways to reach goals, evaluates activities Examines data/results and proposes meaningful interpretation

Types of Learning Targets Skills Students use their knowledge and reasoning to act skillfully involves something that a student must demonstrate in a way other than answering questions

Types of Learning Targets Skills Content Standard Key Words observe, focus attention, listen, perform, do, question, conduct, work, read, speak, assemble, operate, use, demonstrate, measure, investigate, model, collect, dramatize, explore

Types of Learning Targets Skills Examples Measures Reads length in metric and US units aloud with fluency and expression Dribbles to keep the ball away from an opponent Participates in civic discussion with the aim of solving current problems Uses data simple equipment and tools to gather

Types of Learning Targets Product Students use their knowledge, reasoning, and skills to create a concrete product includes a sample of student work (i. e. paper, report, artwork, or other project) that demonstrates the ability knowledge, understanding, reasoning, and skills

Types of Learning Targets Product Content Standard Key Words design, produce, create, develop, make, write, draw, represent, display, model, construct

Types of Learning Targets Product Examples Constructs Develops a personal health-related fitness plan Constructs Creates work bar graphs physical models of familiar objects a scripted scene based on improvised

Types of Learning Targets Dispositions Students’ includes attitudes about school and learning attitudes, values, interests, feelings, and beliefs

Sources of Learning Targets and Standards 1. Bloom’s Taxonomy of Objectives 2. Professional Preparation 3. Textbooks 4. Existing Lists of Objectives

Sources of Learning Targets and Standards Bloom’s Taxonomy of Objectives Consists of 3 domains: 1. Cognitive 2. Affective 3. Psychomotor

Sources of Learning Targets and Standards Professional Preparation As you master each discipline you will be able to identify what is most important for learning The more you understand, the better the assessments

Sources of Learning Targets and Standards Textbooks Most textbooks are accompanied by an instructor’s guide or a teacher’s edition Textbook objectives are neither the only nor the best source for your learning targets

Sources of Learning Targets and Standards Existing List of Objectives A number of sources can be used to locate these lists Yearbooks and handbooks in different disciplines sometimes contain objectives