LEARNING OBJECTIVES IDENTIFY THE SEVEN CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING

LEARNING OBJECTIVES • IDENTIFY THE SEVEN CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS. • DESCRIBE BASIC STRUCTURE OF A CELL, INCLUDING: • CELL WALL • CELL MEMBRANE • NUCLEUS • DESCRIBE BASIC FUNCTION OF A CELL, INCLUDING: • CELL WALL • CELL MEMBRANE • NUCLEUS • LEARN IMPORTANT VOCABULARY RELATED TO CELL STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION • DIFFERENTIATE BETWEEN AN ANIMAL AND PLANT CELL • USING ACQUIRED KNOWLEDGE, BE ABLE TO BUILD A 3 -D MODEL OF A

THE STUDY OF LIVING ORGANISMS… • WHAT MAKES SOMETHING LIVING? • LOOK AT THE TWO PICTURES BELOW: WITH YOUR SHOULDER PARTNER, YOU HAVE 2 MINUTES TO DECIDE… • WHAT FEATURES MAKE STEPHEN CURRY ALIVE (AND AWESOME)? • WHAT FEATURES MAKE A TACO NON-LIVING?

HOW DO WE KNOW IF SOMETHING IS LIVING? • ALL LIVING THINGS ARE CHARACTERIZED AS BEING ABLE TO DO SEVEN THINGS • THESE ARE USUALLY REMEMBERED BY THE MNEMONIC MRS NERG M R S N E R G CAN YOU GUESS WHAT THE LETTERS STAND FOR?

THE SEVEN CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS Animals Movement Move to find food and keep away from predators Reproductio Ability to reproduce offspring to keep species in existence. n Plants Move to face the light. Ability to reproduce offspring to keep species in existence. Sensitivity Responding and reacting to the environment. Nutrition Need food for respiration Need minerals from the soil Excretion Getting rid of waste Respiration Turning food (glucose) into energy Growth Growing larger and stronger (adult size)

SHOULDER PARTNER REVIEW WHAT ARE THE SEVEN CHARACTERISTICS OF LIVING THINGS?

ALL LIVING THINGS ARE MADE OF CELLS… • A CELL IS THE BASIC UNIT OF STRUCTURE AND FUNCTION OF LIFE. • THEY ARE THE SMALLEST UNIT OF LIFE • CELLS ARE SO SMALL THAT WE GENERALLY NEED A MICROSCOPE TO SEE THEM • ALL ORGANISMS ARE MADE UP OF ONE OR MORE CELLS. • ORGANISMS CAN BE UNICELLULAR LIKE BACTERIA OR MULTI-CELLULAR, LIKE US! • UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS CAN USUALLY ONLY BE SEEN UNDER A MICROSCOPE. • MOST ORGANISMS YOU CAN SEE ARE MULTICELLULAR

SHOULDER PARTNER REVIEW • WHAT IS A CELL? • WHAT ARE THE TYPES OF CELLS?

DISCOVERY OF CELLS • ROBERT HOOKE USED A MICROSCOPE TO DISCOVER CELLS (1660 S) • HE GAVE THE CELL ITS NAME.

WHERE DO CELLS COME FROM? • CELLS COME FROM OTHER CELLS • CELLS DIVIDE: • ONE LIVING CELL DIVIDES INTO TWO LIVING CELLS. • TWO LIVING CELLS DIVIDE INTO 4 LIVING CELLS. • FOUR LIVING CELLS DIVIDE INTO 8 LIVING CELLS.

CELL SIZE • DESCRIBING A CELL REQUIRES A VERY SMALL UNIT OF MEASUREMENT: MICROMETER • A MICROMETER IS ONE MILLIONTH OF A METER • MOST CELLS RANG IN SIZE FROM ABOUT 1 MICROMETER TO 1000 MICROMETERS • IT WOULD TAKE ABOUT 17, 000 TINY CELLS LINED UP NEXT TO EACH OTHER TO GO ACROSS A DIME.

SHOULDER PARTNER REVIEW • WHERE DO CELLS COME FROM? • WHAT UNIT OF MEASUREMENT IS USED TO MEASURE CELLS?

CELLS ARE DIVERSE • THE INSIDE OF ONE CELL CAN BE VERY DIFFERENT FROM THE INSIDE OF ANOTHER CELL. • THERE ARE TWO CATEGORIES OF CELLS: • EUKARYOTIC • PROKARYOTIC • ALL ORGANISMS EXCEPT ARCHAEBACTERIAL AND EUBACTERIA ARE MADE UP OF EUKARYOTIC CELLS.

EUKARYOTIC CELL • CELLS WITH MEMBRANE-BOUND STRUCTURES • CELL HAVE A NUCLEUS • ALMOST ALL MULTICELLULAR ORGANISMS ARE EUKARYOTIC

PROKARYOTIC CELL • CELLS WITHOUT MEMBRANE-BOUND STRUCTURES • NO NUCLEUS • MOST UNICELLULAR ORGANISMS ARE PROKARYOTIC

SHOULDER PARTNER REVIEW • WHAT ARE THE TWO CATEGORIES OF CELLS? • WHAT ARE THE TWO MAIN DIFFERENCES? HTTPS: //WWW. YOUTUBE. COM/WATCH? V=MFOPLILIOEA

ANIMAL CELL Cytoskeleto n Cell Wall

ANIMAL CELL • CELL: THE ENTIRE STRUCTURE, LIVING THING • CELL WALL: THE VERY OUTER EDGE OF THE CELL • CELL MEMBRANE: ENCLOSES THE CELL. ACTS LIKE A GATE KEEPER. • CYTOPLASM: GEL-LIKE FLUID TAKES UP MOST OF THE SPACE INSIDE A CELL. MOSTLY WATER. • CYTOSKELETON: NETWORK OF FIBERS SHAPES CELL AND HOLDS ORGANELLES IN PLACE. • ORGANELLES: THESE ARE SCATTERED THROUGHOUT THE CYTOPLASM. THEY CARRY OUT THE ACTIVITIES THAT KEEP THE CELL ALIVE. • NUCLEUS: A STRUCTURE LOCATED NEAR THE CENTER. • CHROMOSOMES: GENETIC STRUCTURES THAT CONTAIN INFORMATION USED TO DIRECT CELL ACTIVITY AND MAKE NEW CELLS. LOCATED IN NUCLEUS. • DNA: MAKES UP CHROMOSOMES. Cytoskelet on Cell Wall

ANIMAL CELL • NUCLEOLUS: INSIDE THE NUCLEUS, MAKES RIBOSOMES. • VACUOLES: FLUID-FILLED STRUCTURES; TEMPORARILY STORE SUBSTANCES NEEDED BY THE CELL. • MITOCHONDRIA: USES OXYGEN TO TRANSFORM THE ENERGY IN FOOD TO SO THE CELL CAN USE TO CARRY OUT ITS ACTIVITIES. THE “POWERHOUSE” OF THE CELL. • ENDOPLASMIC RETICULUM: THIS ORGANELLE PRODUCES THINGS LIKE PROTEINS AND LIPIDS FOR THE CELL; AN INTERNAL DELIVERY SYSTEM FOR THE CELL. • RIBOSOMES: THIS ORGANELLE PRODUCES THINGS LIKE PROTEINS AND LIPIDS FOR THE CELL • GOLGI BODIES: HELP PACKAGE PRODUCTS Cytoskelet on Cell Wall

PLANT CELL • PLANT CELLS ARE GENERALLY SHAPED LIKE A SQUARE OR RECTANGLE. ANIMAL CELLS ARE USUALLY SHAPED LIKE A CIRCLE. • PLANT CELLS HAVE ALL THE STRUCTURES OF AN ANIMAL CELL, PLUS STRUCTURES NOT FOUND IN ANIMAL CELLS: • CELL WALL • CHLOROPLASTS

PLANT CELL STRUCTURES • NUCLEUS: LOCATED TO ONE SIDE OF A PLANT CELL • VACUOLE: ONLY ONE • GOLGI BODIES: CELLULOSE IS MADE HERE, WHICH IS USED IN THE CELL WALL. • CHLOROPLASTS: FOOD-MAKING STRUCTURES OF PLANT CELLS THAT CONTAIN THE GREEN PIGMENT, CHLOROPHYLL. • • CHLOROPHYLL CAPTURES THE ENERGY OF SUNLIGHT AND USES IT TO DRIVE A Cell. CHEMICAL Wall: outer barrier. THAT that. IS CALLED REACTION PHOTOSYNTHESIS. provides extra support for the cell. Made mostly of cellulose.

PARTS OF A MICROSCOPE