Learning Objective The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity

Learning Objective The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity 1. What are the processes operating within the hydrological cycle from a global to local scale? 2. What factors influence the hydrological system over shortand long-term timescales? 3. How does water insecurity occur and why is it becoming such a global issue for the 21 st century? Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Learning Objective Areas of focus to answer enquiry question two: How does water insecurity occur and why is it becoming such a global issue for the 21 st century? 1. Water insecurity is a major concern for many countries and is the outcome of both physical and human factors. 2. Water insecurity brings with it both serious consequences and considerable risks. 3. There is a growing need for a more sustainable management of water supplies. This can be achieved by a number of different approaches. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

What are the processes operating within the hydrological cycle from a global Learning to local scale? Objective: To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Do now: 1. State one reason how climate change is increasing the likelihood of floods. 2. What year was the wettest on record? 3. Why can climate change not be exclusively blamed for future flooding? 4. What are three types of seismic waves. 5. How do the types of seismic waves differ? 6. Lithology refers to…. 7. Vegetation affects coastal recession by…. 8. A sediment cell is…… Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Do now: 1. Learning State one reason how climate change is increasing the likelihood of floods. Objective It results in more extreme weather, such as intense rainfall = flooding. It also increases the distribution of tropical storms = storm surges = flooding. 2. What year was the wettest on record? 2011 3. Why can climate change not be exclusively blamed for future flooding? Humans exacerbate the situation through deforestation, urbanisation, changing land use and river management. 4. What are three types of seismic waves. Primary, Secondary, Long 5. How do the types of seismic waves differ? Primary is the fastest, Long are the slowest. Primary travel through liquids, but secondary do not. Long waves travel out from the epicentre across the surface. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

What are the processes operating within the hydrological cycle from a global Learning to local scale? Objective: To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Do now: 1. What is a mega drought? 2. Where is at risk of a mega drought? 3. What evidence is there that this is occurring? 4. State two ways a specific volcanic eruption impacted on people and the environment. 5. A hotspot is…. . 6. Name and define two ways material is transported in water. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Do now: 1. Learning What is a mega drought? A drought that lasts longer than 20 years. Objective 2. Where is at risk of a mega drought? California 3. What evidence is there that this is occurring? Ice caps have melted, decreased rainfall, increase in evapotranspiration, declining water tables. 4. State two ways a specific volcanic eruption impacted on people and the environment. Choose between Ejya, Monsterrat, 5. A hotspot is a volcano that is located in the middle of a plate due to a rising hot plume within the mantle. 6. Name and define two ways material is transported in water. Traction, saltation, suspension, solution. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Learning Objective To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Rapid population growth areas Key where terminology: supplies are limited, anwith uneven distribution The imbalance has a world water gap of between the haves (developing Although the hydrological cycle’s system contains 1385 km³ ofmany water, only 1% Improving Water (like access energy tocreated water andinfood) underpinned isclosed a fundamental many the human UN’s need, Millennium Development people of water and deterioration inright quality =all water shortages. nations) have (developing nations e. g. sub-Saharan Africa). issupply available as easily accessible surface water. Goals, however aand final saying assessment itnots should be in a 2015 human stated 15% forof people. do not have access to a safe, reliable water supply. Water 12% stress: where available water consumes supply is between 1000 – 1700 m³ of the world’s population 85% of its water. per capita. 1. 8 billion people lack clean drinking water. Water scarcity: where available water supply is between 1000 - 500 m³ Every 90 seconds a childper diescapita. from water-borne diseases. Absolute scarcity: waterwith supply is less than 25%water of people drinkwhere wateravailable contaminated faeces. 500 m³ per capita. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Learning Objective To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Complete the worksheet Ø Page Extension: To what extent is economic development improving the quality of life for people living in developing nations? Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Learning Objective To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Demand watervariations is. Institute rising and isthe affected supplies of water. The World Resources scored andchange ranked likelihood ofstress future water Describe thefor global inclimate patterns of predicted water shown stress, show in Figure 6. Their map shows 33 countries are predicted to be in Figure 6. (4 that marks) facing extremely high levels of water stress by 2040. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Learning Objective To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Physical of water insecurity Short climate (the causes ENSO and climate warming) are exacerbating the On aterm macro scale, change global climates determine the global (orographic distribution of annual Impact of topography: highlands promote surface runoff rain & snow water security situation. precipitation patterns. melt) however also are home to lakes (stores) Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Learning Objective To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Complete the worksheet Pearson 59 – 61 Hodder 45 - 49 Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Learning Objective To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Over-abstraction for Human domestic factors purposes, affecting water and use. Thisstorm is By. This 2025, Pollution becomes total projected ofmore surface serious annual water if aquifers and water groundwater withdrawals areagriculture irreversibly supplies issecurity. predicted damaged =industrial water to due reach insecurity. to 5000 toxicity. km³. Salt water intrusion into aquifer due to over abstraction, rising sea levels and becoming. Causes: worse due tosurges economic and population sewage, chemical isfertilisers, due: water. industrial waste. growth. =This lessdevelopment usable 1 Bybillion people in 2025, projected Population rise and developing countriesare do water withdrawals urbanisation not have safe water. predicted to reach 5000 km per year. China: 300 million ppl use contaminated water daily & 190 million suffer from water related illnesses/yr. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form Population rise & agriculture 20% of all tube wells sunk ingrowth Bangladesh are Economic & unsafe due to high secondary industries concentrations of arsenic.

Learning Objective To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. Complete the worksheet Extension: annotate the diagram by describing each factor and explaining how each factor can result in water insecurity. Pearson 59 – 61 Hodder 45 - 49 Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

Learning Objective To describe the physical and human causes of water insecurity. How can physical and human factors explain regional water scarcity? Map (p. 59) & (p. 35) Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

To what extent is water insecurity the result of physical factors? Learning (12 marks) Objective Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form

PHSYICAL CAUSES of WATER INSECURITY HUMAN CAUSES of WATER INSECURITY Global atmospheric circulation: Human actions can pollute surface and groundwater supplies. Causes of water pollution: Ø Untreated sewage disposal in LICs and NEEs = Ø Agriculture and the use of fertilisers = Ø Development = increase in secondary industries in LICs and NEEs. As a result…. . . Pearson 59 – 61 Hodder 45 - 49 Topography can also have an impact. More specifically…. POLLUTION Seasonal distribution of rainfall and reliability is also important. The short term impacts of ENSO affects water supply. More specifically: The impacts are especially bad in developing countries, where……………. …. people are without a safe water supply. Ø China: Climate Ø Bangladesh: By 2025, total projected water withdrawals is predicted to reach………………. km³. Causes of increase in water with drawals: Droughts can cause widespread impacts. Ø California: Ø OVER-ABSTRACTION Global rising temperatures will affect water stores, such as the cryosphere. More precisely…. Ø Rising population and urbanisation resulting in regional water stress. More specifically…. Ø Economic development has resulted in improved living standards. As a result…. Ø Rising population = the need for more food = more agriculture. As a result…. Ø Development = increase in secondary industries in LICs and NEEs. As a result…. . Brazil: Over-abstraction in coastal areas results in salt instruction. More specifically….