Learning Objective The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity
Learning Objective The Water Cycle and Water Insecurity 1. What are the processes operating within the hydrological cycle from a global to local scale? 2. What factors influence the hydrological system over shortand long-term timescales? 3. How does water insecurity occur and why is it becoming such a global issue for the 21 st century? Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form
Learning Objective Areas of focus to answer enquiry question two: How does water insecurity occur and why is it becoming such a global issue for the 21 st century? 1. Water insecurity is a major concern for many countries and is the outcome of both physical and human factors. 2. Water insecurity brings with it both serious consequences and considerable risks. 3. There is a growing need for a more sustainable management of water supplies. This can be achieved by a number of different approaches. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form
How does water insecurity occur and why is it becoming such a global issue for Learning the 21 st century? Objective: To outline how physical and economic water scarcity differs. Do now: 1. El Nino is… + It causes…. . 2. When did Storm Desmond hit the UK? 3. State three effects of the storm. 4. Which disaster killed 220, 000 – 250, 000 people? 5. A locked fault is…. 6. A littoral zone is…. 7. A micro-feature of a cliff is…. . 8. What happens to waves as they reach shallow water? Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form
Learning Objective To outline how physical and economic water scarcity differs. Economic scarcity isaffected when lackchange the billion) capital, technology and governance This Despite Almost will be 20% $35 further billion of the world’s being countries spent population by climate on improving (1. 2 access and human live toin water, areas activities. people of physical For stillexample: do water notto exploit their blue watertosupplies (e. g. to. Sub Saharan Africa and Haiti). scarcity have (low access rainfall, inland/continental water due economic areas, scarcity. rain shadow). Climate change: Ø Changing patterns or rainfall will mean less rainfall in some areas = less recharging of water stores. For example… Ø Increase in temperature = more evapotranspiration. Human activity: Ø Land use. More specifically…. . Ø Over abstraction for…. . Ø Water contamination. More specifically…. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form
Learning Objective To outline how physical and economic water scarcity differs. Complete the worksheet Extension: What is the Water Poverty Index? Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form
Learning Objective To outline how physical and economic water scarcity differs. th “Water In the isoccurred far late. The too 20 governments important to decision human makers health (politicians and health &vary? financiers) offactors: oureffect. environment favoured Traditionally provided water as service, charging cost price ofand water is does dependent on aathe number of This also in. Century, developing nations (1970 s – of 80 s) to negative The costtoof How why the price water privatisation. be placed entirely Private incompanies private hands” see water Institute). a commodity from has resulted which profits in =recent can, providing water in difficult conditions =(Pacific hugeascosts = cost. This of water was high people should, changes: be made. could notand afford the water (e. g. Bolivia) Physical cost of obtaining the supply of water (e. g. water pipes) By 2015 many of the world’s major vs cities were taking back control of Demand supply. to public ownershipin(e. g. The price of their water increased in Californian 2015 Paris). due to the drought. Some Lack western of infrastructure TNCs have = people been replaced rely on water by companies from tankers fromand China bottled and India as part water, of their which Foreign is usually Direct twice Investment the price. policies. Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form
Learning Objective To outline how physical and economic water scarcity differs. Answer the questions below: 1. Using Figure 1 (page 38 book) describe how the cost of water varies between LICs and the UK. 2. How does demand, physical costs and infrastructure impact on the pricing of water? For each provide an example. 3. When did water become privatised and who were the stakeholders involved? 4. Why did this mean the price of water increased? 5. When did water become privatised in developing countries and was this deemed necessary? 6. Why did the privatisation of water in developing countries fail? 7. What was the impact of water privatisation in Bolivia? (page 38 book) 8. How is future water provision changing? Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form
Using Figure 3. 9 on page 53 of Hodder, describe and explain why water Learning cost varies between countries. (6 marks) Objective How did the privatisation of water impact on people in developed and developing countries? (6 marks) Oasis Academy South Bank 6 th Form
Describe water scarcity distribution Physical water insecurity Describe the distribution of physical water scarcity (Figure 3. 8) Almost ………………. . % of the world’s population (………………. . ) live in areas of physical water scarcity. More specifically these areas affected by their latitude, topography and continentally. More specifically…. This will be further affected by climate change and human activities. Climate change: Changing patterns or rainfall will mean less rainfall in some areas = less recharging of water stores. An increase in temperature will also mean more evapotranspiration. For example in California. Ø Climate change has affected the Central Asian Highlands by: Human activity such as land use, over abstraction and water contamination causes water insecurity. Ø Land use. More specifically…. . Describe the distribution of economic water scarcity (Figure 3. 8) Economic water insecurity Explain economic and physical water scarcity distribution Ø Over abstraction for…. . Ø Water contamination. More specifically…. Despite $. . . billion being spent on improving access to water, people still do not have access to water due to economic scarcity. Economic scarcity is when countries lack the… This occurs in…
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