Learning Memory Memory Multiple Memory System with different

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Learning & Memory • Memory Multiple Memory System with different Characteristics and Mediated by

Learning & Memory • Memory Multiple Memory System with different Characteristics and Mediated by different Neural Networks 1

 • Organization of Memory * Learning is shuttled for Information Storage * Working-Memory:

• Organization of Memory * Learning is shuttled for Information Storage * Working-Memory: Hold Information in your mind for a short time in active conscious state * Long-term Memory: Much larger, more passive Storehouse of Information • Working Memory * Brain has System for holding on to and working with small amounts of Information very accurately * How did working-memory Evolve? Memory System may have co-evolved with Speech 2

 • Long-term Memory * Information enters Sensory Systems and then passes down Pathways

• Long-term Memory * Information enters Sensory Systems and then passes down Pathways that provide increasingly specialized processing * DNA encodes genetic Information as Sequence of Base Pairs, and so on * Brain sort Information that we encode into categories • Learning * Skills are Learned through deliberate and extensive Practice * Emotional Learning tend to be much more rapid → Both are Types of Learning: Conditioning 3

 • Episodic Memory * Cannot re-run any of Events like Extra Lesson in

• Episodic Memory * Cannot re-run any of Events like Extra Lesson in Class * Amnesia cannot remember Meeting other People only Half an Hour earlier → Life lacks all Structure in Time and Place * Retrograde Amnesia Cannot remember things that happened before they became ill • Type of Alzheimer's Disease Can cause Fascinating Patterns of Breakdown of semantic Memory • Can we Improve Memory? Recognizing different Operating Principles of Episodic Memory and Skill Learning is also essential 4