LEARNING MEANING Any relatively permanent change in behavior

LEARNING

MEANING • Any relatively permanent change in behavior that occurs as a result of experience. • Learning involves a change in behavior. not necessarily an improvement over previous behavior. • The behavioral change must be relatively permanent. Any temporary change in behavior due to fatigue is not learning. • The behavioral change must be based on some form of practice or experience • The practice or experience must be reinforced in order for learning to occur. If reinforcement does not accompany the practice or experience the behavior will disappear. • It is a process by which behavior is modified, either by the addition of new and different capabilities or by the extension and enhancement of those , which an individual already possesses.

LEARNING THEORIES • BEHAVIORISTIC THEORIES 1) CLASSICAL CONDITIONING 2) OPERANT CONDITIONING

CLASSICAL CONDITIONING • Classical Conditioning -Ivan Pavlov (18491936) • Several types of learning exist. The most basic form is associative learning, i. e. , making a new association between events in the environment. There are two forms of associative learning: classical conditioning (made famous by Ivan Pavlov’s experiments with dogs) and operant conditioning.

1. Unconditioned Stimulus: a thing that can already elicit a response. (FOOD) 2. Unconditioned Response: a thing that is already elicited by a stimulus. ( SALIVATION) 3. Neutral Stimulus: stimulus that doesn’t evoke a response (BELL) 4. Conditioned Stimulus: a new stimulus we deliver the same time we give the old stimulus. 5. Conditioned Response: the new response we created by associating a new stimulus with an old response.

EXAMPLES Classical Conditioning is present • when a song reminds you of a place or person. The song has conditioned you to think about that particular subject, even though you do not realize it! • Jingles and advertisements allow you to think of a company’s product when you hear it’s name, slogan or jingle. This conditioning on your brain is done in a way that you don’t realize it’s happening! • When the dismissal bell rings, you are aware it’s time to leave because you learn to become accustom to leaving at the sound of a bell.