LEARNING GREEK FROM INSCRIPTIONS EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FROM THE

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LEARNING GREEK FROM INSCRIPTIONS EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FROM THE BLACK-SEA COAST OF MODERN BULGARIA

LEARNING GREEK FROM INSCRIPTIONS EPIGRAPHIC EVIDENCE FROM THE BLACK-SEA COAST OF MODERN BULGARIA

INTRODUCTION: THE MAIN CORPUS AND MANUALS More than 600 Greek and Latin inscriptions, or

INTRODUCTION: THE MAIN CORPUS AND MANUALS More than 600 Greek and Latin inscriptions, or fragments of inscriptions, found on the Bulgarian coast of the Black Sea Most of them are included in the monumental corpus Inscriptiones Graecae in Bulgaria repertae (5 vols. , 1956– 1997) by Prof. Georgi Mihailov, its first volume being titled Inscriptiones orae Ponti Euxini Manuals and monographs: 1. G. Mihailov, La langue des inscriptions grecques en Bulgarie. Phonétique et morphologie (Sofia: Sofia University Press, 1943); 2. Mirena Slavova, Phonology of the Greek Inscriptions in Bulgaria (Stuttgart: Steiner Verlag, 2004)

INTRODUCTION: GREEK APOIKIAI ON THE WEST BLACK-SEA COAST

INTRODUCTION: GREEK APOIKIAI ON THE WEST BLACK-SEA COAST

INTRODUCTION: GREEK APOIKIAI ON THE WEST BLACK-SEA COAST More than 50 poleis or smaller

INTRODUCTION: GREEK APOIKIAI ON THE WEST BLACK-SEA COAST More than 50 poleis or smaller settlements founded in four main directions: “Thracian”, “Scythian”, “Colchidian” and “Anatolian” The metropoleis: mostly Miletus and Megara between 7 th and 5 th c. B. C.

INTRODUCTION: GREEK APOIKIAI ON THE WEST BLACK-SEA COAST Trade as main economic activity: corn,

INTRODUCTION: GREEK APOIKIAI ON THE WEST BLACK-SEA COAST Trade as main economic activity: corn, metals, slaves, furs, etc. No islands: ambiguous relations to the barbarian hinterland the local tribes Different metropoleis, different Greek dialects: Ionic in the Milesian colonies, Doric in the Megarian ones

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA Founded by the Milesians sometime in the late 7 th c.

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA Founded by the Milesians sometime in the late 7 th c. B. C. Oikistes: Anaximander of Miletus, the famous philosopher (who is, however, born at about the same time)

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

I. APOLLONIA PONTICA

II. MESAMBRIA Founded by Megara (and possibly Khalkedon) sometime in the late 6 th

II. MESAMBRIA Founded by Megara (and possibly Khalkedon) sometime in the late 6 th c. B. C. (according to ancient historiography, about the time of King Darius’s campaign in Scythia) Main deitites: * Ζεὺς Ὑπερδέξιος and Ἀθανᾶ (or Ἀθαναία) Σώτειρα * festivals of Dionysos, Demeter and the Dioskouroi

II. MESAMBRIA Doubtful etymology: Melsa / Mena + bria

II. MESAMBRIA Doubtful etymology: Melsa / Mena + bria

II. MESAMBRIA

II. MESAMBRIA

II. MESAMBRIA

II. MESAMBRIA

III. 1. THE KITEN ANCHORS

III. 1. THE KITEN ANCHORS

III. 2. THE SINEMORETS GOLD PLATE

III. 2. THE SINEMORETS GOLD PLATE

III. 3. THE AQUAE CALIDAE INSCRIPTION

III. 3. THE AQUAE CALIDAE INSCRIPTION

III. 4. RELIQUARIUM OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST

III. 4. RELIQUARIUM OF ST. JOHN THE BAPTIST

Inscriptions Historical uses of Inscriptions dynastic history socialInscriptions Historical uses of Inscriptions dynastic history social
Greek Theatre Greek Theatre Notes Greek tragedy asGreek Theatre Greek Theatre Notes Greek tragedy as
Greek Drama Greek Theater History Greek drama beganGreek Drama Greek Theater History Greek drama began
Greek Drama Greek Theater History Greek drama beganGreek Drama Greek Theater History Greek drama began
Greek Theater Ancient Greek Theater Most ancient GreekGreek Theater Ancient Greek Theater Most ancient Greek
Greek Masks Greek Mask History Greek actors originallyGreek Masks Greek Mask History Greek actors originally
Greek Roman Drama Introduction to Greek Drama GreekGreek Roman Drama Introduction to Greek Drama Greek
The Greek Polis Greek Polis citystate Greek CitiesThe Greek Polis Greek Polis citystate Greek Cities
HISTORY OF GREEK LANGUAGE II GREEK KOINE GreekHISTORY OF GREEK LANGUAGE II GREEK KOINE Greek
The Greek Pantheon Greek Mythology l Greek mythologyThe Greek Pantheon Greek Mythology l Greek mythology
Greek colonization Odessos today Varna Greek expansion GreekGreek colonization Odessos today Varna Greek expansion Greek
GREEK PROJECT 1 Great Greek thinkers 2 GreekGREEK PROJECT 1 Great Greek thinkers 2 Greek
Greek Wars Greek Warfare Phalanx Greek fighting formationGreek Wars Greek Warfare Phalanx Greek fighting formation
GREEK THEATER GREEK THEATER Most Greek cities hadGREEK THEATER GREEK THEATER Most Greek cities had
Greek Mythology WHAT IS GREEK MYTHOLOGY Greek MythologyGreek Mythology WHAT IS GREEK MYTHOLOGY Greek Mythology
MEDICAL EVIDENCE EVIDENCE UNDER INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT 1872MEDICAL EVIDENCE EVIDENCE UNDER INDIAN EVIDENCE ACT 1872
Evidence Direct Vs Circumstantial Evidence n Direct evidenceEvidence Direct Vs Circumstantial Evidence n Direct evidence
Footwear Evidence Footwear Evidence What is footwear evidenceFootwear Evidence Footwear Evidence What is footwear evidence
Forms of Evidence circumstantial evidence direct evidence realForms of Evidence circumstantial evidence direct evidence real
Evidence 9913 Evidence What is it Direct evidenceEvidence 9913 Evidence What is it Direct evidence
Trace Evidence 1 Trace evidence is physical evidenceTrace Evidence 1 Trace evidence is physical evidence